1,766 research outputs found

    Suomalaisten taloyhtiöiden käyttämän uusiutuvan energian ympäristövaikutukset

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    In recent years, increasing efforts are undertaken at both national and international levels in order to prevent further global warming. Electricity and heat production is the largest economic sector causing most of the greenhouse gas emissions in the world, comprising 25% of all emissions. In Finland, one third of all electricity is consumed by households, almost half of which live in residential buildings organised in the form of limited liability housing companies. Hence, in order to succeed in climate stabilisation, it is vital to focus on the largest polluter. This thesis considers various renewable energy sources and their feasibility for deployment in limited liability housing companies. The impact of renewable energy sources on the environment is evaluated along with a possibility for them to be utilised as an additional power generating system. Moreover, this thesis itemises legal and other factors affecting or limiting small-scale electrical power generation in urban areas. Based on statistical data, the thesis provides a definition for an average Finnish limited liability housing company. Also, its base load as well as PV generation, which was identified as the most convenient for utilisation in urban areas source of renewable energy, were modelled using a developed simulation tool. Based on the simulation results, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the case of solar power generation employment were compared to scenarios without solar power generation. As a result, it was possible to determine the scenarios with the most positive effect on the environment and the highest reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that the so-called green energy solutions may cause even more greenhouse gas emission during their lifecycle than existing large-scale decarbonised electrical power generation units. Thus, Finnish limited liability housing companies should concentrate more on the sources, from which purchased energy is produced, instead of installing small-scale renewable energy power generation units.Viime vuosina sekä kansallisella että kansainvälisellä tasolla on sitouduttu lukuisiin kunnianhimoisiin toimenpiteisiin, joilla pyritään hillitsemään ilmaston lämpenemistä. Sähkön ja lämmön tuotanto on maailman suurin kasvihuonepäästöjä tuottava yksittäinen talouden ala, joka aiheuttaa jopa 25 prosenttia kaikista kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä. Suomessa kolmasosa sähköstä kuluu talouksissa, joista puolet asuu asunto-osakeyhtiön muodossa hallinnoiduissa asuintaloissa. Näin ollen fokusointi suurimpaan saastuttajaan takaisi menestyksen taistelussa ilmaston vakauttamisen puolesta. Tässä diplomityössä tarkasteltiin lukuisia uusiutuvia energialähteitä ja niiden soveltuvuutta hyödyntämiseen suomalaisissa taloyhtiöissä. Myös analysoitiin uusiutuvien energialähteiden käytön ympäristövaikutuksia ja arvioitiin niiden mahdollisuuksia toimia suomalaisissa taloyhtiöissä sähköenergian lisälähteenä verkkosähkön rinnalla. Lisäksi opinnäytetyössä listattiin lailliset ja muut sähkön pientuotantoon kaupunkimiljöössä vaikuttavat ja sen tuottoa rajoittavat seikat. Tilastollisen datan perusteella määriteltiin keskiverto taloyhtiö, jolle erikseen kehitetyllä simulointityökalulla mallinnettiin sen peruskuorma sekä omien aurinkopaneelien sähkön pientuotanto. Simulointitulosten perusteella laskettiin taloyhtiön aurinkopaneelien sähköntuoton aiheuttamat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt verrattuna skenaarioihin ilman paikallista aurinkosähkön tuottoa. Lopputuloksena löydettiin skenaarioita, joilla on suurin positiivinen vaikutus ympäristöön sekä kasvihuonekaasujen vähentämiseen. Työn tulokset osoittivat, että niin sanotut vihreät energiaratkaisut saattavat aiheuttaa elinkaarensa aikana jopa enemmän kasvihuonekaasupäästöjä kuin olemassa olevat isot hiilivapaat energiantuotantoyksiköt. Näin ollen suomalaisten taloyhtiöiden pitäisi enemmän keskittyä hankkimansa energian hiilijalanjälkeen, kuin sokeasti investoida uusiutuvaa energiaa hyödyntäviin pienimuotoisiin energiantuotantoyksiköihin

    Index to 1984 NASA Tech Briefs, volume 9, numbers 1-4

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    Short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of NASA are presented. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This index for 1984 Tech B Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes: subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief Number. The following areas are covered: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

    Distributed Online Machine Learning for Mobile Care Systems

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    Appendix D: Wavecomm Tech Docs removed for copyright reasonsTelecare and especially Mobile Care Systems are getting more and more popular. They have two major benefits: first, they drastically improve the living standards and even health outcomes for patients. In addition, they allow significant cost savings for adult care by reducing the needs for medical staff. A common drawback of current Mobile Care Systems is that they are rather stationary in most cases and firmly installed in patients’ houses or flats, which makes them stay very near to or even in their homes. There is also an upcoming second category of Mobile Care Systems which are portable without restricting the moving space of the patients, but with the major drawback that they have either very limited computational abilities and only a rather low classification quality or, which is most frequently, they only have a very short runtime on battery and therefore indirectly restrict the freedom of moving of the patients once again. These drawbacks are inherently caused by the restricted computational resources and mainly the limitations of battery based power supply of mobile computer systems. This research investigates the application of novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve the operation of 2 Mobile Care Systems. As a result, based on the Evolving Connectionist Systems (ECoS) paradigm, an innovative approach for a highly efficient and self-optimising distributed online machine learning algorithm called MECoS - Moving ECoS - is presented. It balances the conflicting needs of providing a highly responsive complex and distributed online learning classification algorithm by requiring only limited resources in the form of computational power and energy. This approach overcomes the drawbacks of current mobile systems and combines them with the advantages of powerful stationary approaches. The research concludes that the practical application of the presented MECoS algorithm offers substantial improvements to the problems as highlighted within this thesis

    NASA Thesaurus. Volume 2: Access vocabulary

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    The NASA Thesaurus -- Volume 2, Access Vocabulary -- contains an alphabetical listing of all Thesaurus terms (postable and nonpostable) and permutations of all multiword and pseudo-multiword terms. Also included are Other Words (non-Thesaurus terms) consisting of abbreviations, chemical symbols, etc. The permutations and Other Words provide 'access' to the appropriate postable entries in the Thesaurus

    Analog, hybrid, and digital simulation

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    Analog, hybrid, and digital computerized simulation technique

    An Architecture for Coexistence with Multiple Users in Frequency Hopping Cognitive Radio Networks

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    The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a limited resource. Spectrum allotment disputes stem from this scarcity as many radio devices are con confined to a fixed frequency or frequency sequence. One alternative is to incorporate cognition within a configurable radio platform, therefore enabling the radio to adapt to dynamic RF spectrum environments. In this way, the radio is able to actively observe the RF spectrum, orient itself to the current RF environment, decide on a mode of operation, and act accordingly, thereby sharing the spectrum and operating in more flexible manner. This research presents a novel framework for incorporating several techniques for the purpose of adapting radio operation to the current RF spectrum environment. Specifically, this research makes six contributions to the field of cognitive radio: (1) the framework for a new hybrid hardware/software middleware architecture, (2) a framework for testing and evaluating clustering algorithms in the context of cognitive radio networks, (3) a new RF spectrum map representation technique, (4) a new RF spectrum map merging technique, (5) a new method for generating a random key-based adaptive frequency-hopping waveform, and (6) initial integration testing toward implementing the proposed system on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)

    Study of extravehicular protection and operations

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    Extravehicular protection and operation

    EVALUATION OF STATE-OF-THE-ART MANIPULATORS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DOE ROBOTICS APPLICATIONS

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    Abbreviations and acronyms guide

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    A selected list of abbreviations and acronyms in use throughout the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is presented. The compilation includes NASA and JPL facilities and organizations, federal government agencies, international organizations, engineering and scientific associations and societies, commercial organizations, and words and phrases with technical and financial applications
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