II.—"THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHARACTER." 1

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Eye tracking observers during color image evaluation tasks

This thesis investigated eye movement behavior of subjects during image-quality evaluation and chromatic adaptation tasks. Specifically, the objectives focused on learning where people center their attention during color preference judgments, examining the differences between paired comparison, rank order, and graphical rating tasks, and determining what strategies are adopted when selecting or adjusting achromatic regions on a soft-copy display. In judging the most preferred image, measures of fixation duration showed that observers spend about 4 seconds per image in the rank order task, 1.8 seconds per image in the paired comparison task, and 3.5 seconds per image in the graphical rating task. Spatial distributions of fixations across the three tasks were highly correlated in four of the five images. Peak areas of attention gravitated toward faces and semantic features. Introspective report was not always consistent with where people foveated, implying broader regions of importance than eye movement plots. Psychophysical results across these tasks generated similar, but not identical, scale values for three of the five images. The differences in scales are likely related to statistical treatment and image confusability, rather than eye movement behavior. In adjusting patches to appear achromatic, about 95% of the total adjustment time was spent fixating only on the patch. This result shows that even when participants are free to move their eyes in this kind of task, central adjustment patches can discourage normal image viewing behavior. When subjects did look around (less than 5% of the time), they did so early during the trial. Foveations were consistently directed toward semantic features, not shadows or achromatic surfaces. This result shows that viewers do not seek out near-neutral objects to ensure that their patch adjustments appear achromatic in the context of the scene. They also do not scan the image in order to adapt to a gray world average. As demonstrated in other studies, the mean chromaticity of the image influenced observers\u27 patch adjustments. Adaptation to the D93 white point was about 65% complete from D65. This result agrees reasonably with the time course of adaptation occurring over a 20 to 30 second exposure to the adapting illuminant. In selecting the most achromatic regions in the image, viewers spent 60% of the time scanning the scene. Unlike the achromatic patch adjustment task, foveations were consistently directed toward achromatic regions and near-neutral objects as would be expected. Eye movement records show behavior similar to what is expected from a visual search task

An Eye-movement Analysis of Five Ink Colors Printed on Yellow Stock

The use of color combinations of print and paper by commercial printers has increased steadily since 1930. The relation of color-of-print to color-of-background is an important factor to be considered in printing because color does effect legibility. The increased use of color emphasizes the need for scientific knowledge concerning the effect on legibility of various color combinations of print and background. Such scientific knowledge demands relevant research in many areas of color printing. This study will try to determine the effects on eye-movements of various ink colors printed on a controlled yellow stock. This information would be useful to printers when working with color combinations

FIELD, Issue 62, Spring 2000

https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/field/1058/thumbnail.jp

Glenwar Wescott's Apartment in Athens : a novel of instruction and revelation

Glenray Wescott's novel Apartment in Athens (1945), the last fictional work published by the American author, differs markedly in style, intent, subject matter, and scope from Wescott's earlier novels-- The Apple of the Eye(1924), The Grandmothers (1927), The Babe's Bed (1932), and The Pilgrim Hawk (1940). Wescott's early prose, like his poetry, is chiefly autobiographical, subjective, and lyrical, while his later work becomes more analytical and controlled. The shift in Apartment in Athens to the pure narrative, to a limited Jamesian viewpoint, and to a broader and more conventional theme--World War II--comes as the result of Wescott'e growing insistence on the power of literature to instruct as well as delight. His didacticism reaches its culmination in Apartment in Athens, but his didactic intent does not eliminate his continuing dedication to literary style and form—in short, to the power of literature to delight

Sidebar [Spring 1982]

Sidebar, Spring 1982https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/comm_newsletters/1010/thumbnail.jp

Benefits of Using Primary Sources in the High School United States History Classroom

History textbooks have not traditionally included the perspectives of the whole of society. The contributions of non-whites, women, the poor and the illiterate are consistently forgotten or ignored in the history classroom. When the stories of these groups are present, the content is incomplete and minimal, due to the resources available to the teacher within the curriculum provided by the textbook manufacturers or the school districts. Primary sources, or first hand accounts of history, can be used to supplement gaps in the curriculum, allowing students to construct a more authentic and complete knowledge of history. This project includes practical supplemental lesson plans and resources for the high school United States history classroom, as well as research on the topics of the benefits and weaknesses of primary sources, the necessity of including the voices of the disenfranchised in history, and the usefulness of artifacts in the constructivist-based classroom