1,516 research outputs found

    An Efficient Light-weight LSB steganography with Deep learning Steganalysis

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    Active research is going on to securely transmit a secret message or so-called steganography by using data-hiding techniques in digital images. After assessing the state-of-the-art research work, we found, most of the existing solutions are not promising and are ineffective against machine learning-based steganalysis. In this paper, a lightweight steganography scheme is presented through graphical key embedding and obfuscation of data through encryption. By keeping a mindset of industrial applicability, to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we emphasized mainly deep learning-based steganalysis. The proposed steganography algorithm containing two schemes withstands not only statistical pattern recognizers but also machine learning steganalysis through feature extraction using a well-known pre-trained deep learning network Xception. We provided a detailed protocol of the algorithm for different scenarios and implementation details. Furthermore, different performance metrics are also evaluated with statistical and machine learning performance analysis. The results were quite impressive with respect to the state of the arts. We received 2.55% accuracy through statistical steganalysis and machine learning steganalysis gave maximum of 49.93~50% correctly classified instances in good condition.Comment: Accepted pape

    Selected Papers from the First International Symposium on Future ICT (Future-ICT 2019) in Conjunction with 4th International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security (MobiSec 2019)

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    The International Symposium on Future ICT (Future-ICT 2019) in conjunction with the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security (MobiSec 2019) was held on 17–19 October 2019 in Taichung, Taiwan. The symposium provided academic and industry professionals an opportunity to discuss the latest issues and progress in advancing smart applications based on future ICT and its relative security. The symposium aimed to publish high-quality papers strictly related to the various theories and practical applications concerning advanced smart applications, future ICT, and related communications and networks. It was expected that the symposium and its publications would be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this field

    Dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme with integrity verification using exploiting modification direction

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    Abstract(#br)In this paper, a novel dual-image-based reversible data hiding scheme using exploiting modification direction (EMD) is proposed. This scheme embeds two 5-base secret digits into each pixel pair of the cover image simultaneously according to the EMD matrix to generate two stego-pixel pairs. By shifting these stego-pixel pairs to the appropriate locations in some cases, two meaningful shadows are produced. The secret data can be extracted accurately, and the cover image can be reconstructed completely in the data extraction and the image reconstruction procedure, respectively. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms the comparative methods in terms of image quality and embedding ratio. Pixel-value differencing (PVD) histogram analysis reveals that our scheme..

    The behavior and natural history of the Florida a red-bellied turtle, pseudemys nelsoni : an ethological study

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    Field work was conducted in 1983-1986 to gather data on social behavior of the Florida red-bellied turtle, Pseudemys nelsoni, by direct, underwater observation (Rock Springs run, Apopka, Florida) and home range analysis using mark-recapture and telemetry techniques (Rock Springs run and Payne\u27s Prairie, Gainesville, Florida). Laboratory observations and experiments were conducted at the University of Tennessee in 1982-1986. A behavior catalog of P. nelsoni was constructed. While not comprehensive, it indicates that the social behavior of this species is complex and adapted for conditions of poor visibility. Conspecific identification probably occurs prior to courtship and other social interactions. Aggressive behavior, mostly by melanistic males, was directed toward conspecifics of both sexes. Aggressive behavior directed towards other males consisted largely of threats while females were bit and tugged on. Basking phases were not clearly discernable in P. nelsoni although some postures and behaviors were associated with the length of time an animal had spent basking. An investigation of how juvenile turtles assembled behavior revealed that alternating pairs of behaviors were the most common pattern. Variability in the patterning of behavior among observation periods and individual variation likely obscures much of the organization of their behavior. The most valuable techniques for investigating behavior patterns in this study were 1) identifying units of behavior, 2) first order transition matrices, 3) information theory, and 4) auto- and cross-associations. Precocial courtship was a frequent social event of juveniles in the laboratory. While this behavior\u27s function is not obvious, many of its attributes coincide with those given for play behavior suggesting that the function of juvenile courtship is similar to one or more of the possible functions of play. The results of two laboratory experiments, one using positive reinforcement and the second punishment, suggest that these animals can vii distinguish between a pair of turtles matched for size and pattern. To describe home range size and usage, the data were recast as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem and solved using a FORTRAN program. Home ranges were small at both the Apopka and Gainesville populations despite substantial habitat differences and the different techniques used to locate turtles. The entire home range could be traversed by an individual in one or two hours

    Green ICT for better human life

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    Abstract—Seven decades of rapid development in computing and ICT make it an efficient and effective driving force toward better human life. ICT industry has an appreciated contribution to the global economy associating with innovation, invention and rapid development of almost all the aspect of human life (Education, Health, Industry, Entertainment, Agriculture, Business, etc.). On the other hand, global environment and human life facing serious challenges related to human health and life style, climate change and global warming, and unwise consumption and management of resources. The diversity and rapid increasing of ICT usage in our life leads to more energy consumption and environmental problems, which has negative impact on economy, human health, and life style. The expected ICT consumption of energy for the next few years will be about 15% of the total consumption worldwide. This make ICT industry shared responsibility for global CO2 emissions and environmental problems. Therefore, many developed countries are establishing Green ICT policies and strategies to eliminate environmental and human health problems. Shortage and weakness of Green ICT policies or strategies in developing countries requires adoption of an effective one that leads to wise ICT usage and energy consumption. Ethical and moral values should integrate with technical aspects to have effective strategies for green ICT that leads to better human life

    South Carolina Wildlife, May-June 2010

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    The South Carolina Wildlife Magazines are published by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources who are dedicated to educating citizens on the value, conservation, protection, and restoration of South Carolina's wildlife and natural resources. These magazines showcase the state’s natural resources and outdoor recreation opportunities by including articles and images of conservation, reflections and tales, field notes, recipes, and more. In this issue: Directions ; Forum ; Hands-On Outdoors: Cut and Rig Your Own Cane Pole ; For Wildlife Watchers: Bobcat ; Out Scoutin': Congaree Creek Heritage Preserve ; Roundtable ; Clips! ; Events ; Common Sense Ecology: Catastrophe and Perception

    The sea turtles of São Tomé and Príncipe : Ecology, genetics and current status of distinct species nesting on an oceanic archipelago

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    Population declines of sea turtles worldwide, driven by overhunting, habitat loss, and other anthropogenic factors have made these animals a global conservation priority. Sea turtle species are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic and natural disturbances due to their complex life traits: female homing and migration, migrations of juveniles and males that remain poorly known, and a strong climatic influence on resources, breeding success and clucth sexratio. São Tomé and Príncipe archipelago in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa, hosts at least four species of sea turtles, for three of which life-history traits, reproductive behavior and dispersal were assessed for this study: the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), the most abundant species, the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), which is considered the most threatened population in the Atlantic (both species common to both islands), and the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), which only occurs in São Tomé island. In this study I integrated various tools and techniques, including site-based monitoring (e.g. on nesting beaches or foraging areas), genetic analyses for both adult and juvenile populations, mark-recapture studies, dispersal simulations as well as stable isotopes analysis, which complemented each other in the assessment of the conservation of each species in the archipelago, including little understood groups such as juveniles and males. Specifically, I showed that São Tomé island hosts important foraging areas that offer a variety of food sources for green turtle juveniles, which are recruited directly from this rookery. For the olive ridley turtle, I characterized the reproductive behavior of the adult population using paternal assessments and showed that males are important mediators of gene flow in this genetically depressed population. Finally, I conducted the first full characterization of spatial and temporal characterization of hawksbill nesting in the archipelago, identifying the key nesting habitats and assessing the levels of human impact that they are exposed to. Overall, the results of this study highlight the high vulnerability of the three species studied in light of limited dispersal, high genetic distinctiveness and exposure to threats

    Coverless image steganography using morphed face recognition based on convolutional neural network

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    In recent years, information security has become a prime issue of worldwide concern. To improve the validity and proficiency of the image data hiding approach, a piece of state-of-the-art secret information hiding transmission scheme based on morphed face recognition is proposed. In our proposed data hiding approach, a group of morphed face images is produced from an arranged small-scale face image dataset. Then, a morphed face image which is encoded with a secret message is sent to the receiver. The receiver uses powerful and robust deep learning models to recover the secret message by recognizing the parents of the morphed face images. Furthermore, we design two novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures (e.g. MFR-Net V1 and MFR-Net V2) to perform morphed face recognition and achieved the highest accuracy compared with existing networks. Additionally, the experimental results show that the proposed schema has higher retrieval capacity and accuracy and it provides better robustness

    Changes in Frequency of Spontaneous Oscillations in Procerebrum Correlate to Behavioural Choice in Terrestrial Snails

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    The aim of our study was to understand functional significance of spontaneous oscillations of local field potential in the olfactory brain lobe of terrestrial snail, the procerebrum (PC). We compared changes in frequency of oscillations in semi-intact preparations from snails trained to percept the same conditioned odor as positive (associated with food reinforcement) or negative (associated with noxious reinforcement). In vivo recordings in freely behaving naïve snails showed a significant decrease of spontaneous PC oscillations frequency during a stage of tentacle withdrawal to odor presentation. In in vitro preparations from naïve snails, a similar decrease in frequency of the PC oscillations to odor presentation was observed. Changes in frequency of the oscillations to cineole presentations in the “aversive” group of snails (demonstrating withdrawal) were much more pronounced than in naïve snails. No significant difference in responses to 5% and 20% cineole was noted. Changes in the spontaneous oscillations frequency in the snails trained to respond with positive reaction (approach) to cineole depended on the concentration of the applied odor, and these responses were qualitatively similar to responses of other groups during the first 10 s of responses to odor, but significantly different (increase in PC oscillations frequency) from the responses of the aversively trained and naïve snails in the interval 11–30 s, which corresponds to the end of the tentacle withdrawal and timing of decision making (approach or escape) in the free behaving snails. Obtained results suggest that frequency of the PC lobe spontaneous oscillations correlate to the choice of behavior in snails: withdrawal (decrease in frequency) or approach (increase in frequency) to the source of odor

    Evolution of viviparity and the maternal immune system: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes in skinks

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    With the evolution of viviparity, the complex immune system of vertebrates has become a potential threat to the “semi-foreign” fetus. Mammalian embryos avoid immune rejection by altering placental expression of two types of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, classical class I and non-classical class I genes. While non-classical class I genes are not orthologous across different mammalian species, their role in immune evasion is likely to have evolved in conjunction with viviparity deep in mammalian evolutionary history. It is difficult to investigate the transition to viviparity in mammals, because they display a single, ancient origin of live birth. Alternatively, oviparous and viviparous modes of reproduction in closely related species of squamates (lizards and snakes) make them excellent models for studying the evolution of immunological interactions between mother and embryo. We designed primers to amplify the α1 and α2 regions of MHC class I genes in scincid lizards and present the first class I sequences for skinks. Class I genes are expressed in the uterus of both oviparous and viviparous skinks both at non-reproduction and late gravidity and pregnancy. We found four putative classical and at least two putative non-classical class I genes expressed in the uterus of the viviparous skink Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii, indicating that this species encodes and expresses the genes that may be responsible for the mammalian phenomenon of “hiding” the embryo from the maternal immune system during pregnancy
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