A New 3D Tool for Planning Plastic Surgery

Face plastic surgery (PS) plays a major role in today medicine. Both for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, achieving harmony of facial features is an important, if not the major goal. Several systems have been proposed for presenting to patient and surgeon possible outcomes of the surgical procedure. In this paper, we present a new 3D system able to automatically suggest, for selected facial features as nose, chin, etc, shapes that aesthetically match the patient's face. The basic idea is suggesting shape changes aimed to approach similar but more harmonious faces. To this goal, our system compares the 3D scan of the patient with a database of scans of harmonious faces, excluding the feature to be corrected. Then, the corresponding features of the k most similar harmonious faces, as well as their average, are suitably pasted onto the patient's face, producing k+1 aesthetically effective surgery simulations. The system has been fully implemented and tested. To demonstrate the system, a 3D database of harmonious faces has been collected and a number of PS treatments have been simulated. The ratings of the outcomes of the simulations, provided by panels of human judges, show that the system and the underlying idea are effectiv

Physical and statistical shape modelling in craniomaxillofacial surgery: a personalised approach for outcome prediction

Orthognathic surgery involves repositioning of the jaw bones to restore face function and shape for patients who require an operation as a result of a syndrome, due to growth disturbances in childhood or after trauma. As part of the preoperative assessment, three-dimensional medical imaging and computer-assisted surgical planning help to improve outcomes, and save time and cost. Computer-assisted surgical planning involves visualisation and manipulation of the patient anatomy and can be used to aid objective diagnosis, patient communication, outcome evaluation, and surgical simulation. Despite the benefits, the adoption of three-dimensional tools has remained limited beyond specialised hospitals and traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analysis is still the gold standard. This thesis presents a multidisciplinary approach to innovative surgical simulation involving clinical patient data, medical image analysis, engineering principles, and state-of-the-art machine learning and computer vision algorithms. Two novel three-dimensional computational models were developed to overcome the limitations of current computer-assisted surgical planning tools. First, a physical modelling approach – based on a probabilistic finite element model – provided patient-specific simulations and, through training and validation, population-specific parameters. The probabilistic model was equally accurate compared to two commercial programs whilst giving additional information regarding uncertainties relating to the material properties and the mismatch in bone position between planning and surgery. Second, a statistical modelling approach was developed that presents a paradigm shift in its modelling formulation and use. Specifically, a 3D morphable model was constructed from 5,000 non-patient and orthognathic patient faces for fully-automated diagnosis and surgical planning. Contrary to traditional physical models that are limited to a finite number of tests, the statistical model employs machine learning algorithms to provide the surgeon with a goal-driven patient-specific surgical plan. The findings in this thesis provide markers for future translational research and may accelerate the adoption of the next generation surgical planning tools to further supplement the clinical decision-making process and ultimately to improve patients’ quality of life

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D printing Special Interest Group (SIG): Guidelines for medical 3D printing and appropriateness for clinical scenarios

Este número da revista Cadernos de Estudos Sociais estava em organização quando fomos colhidos pela morte do sociólogo Ernesto Laclau. Seu falecimento em 13 de abril de 2014 surpreendeu a todos, e particularmente ao editor Joanildo Burity, que foi seu orientando de doutorado na University of Essex, Inglaterra, e que recentemente o trouxe à Fundação Joaquim Nabuco para uma palestra, permitindo que muitos pudessem dialogar com um dos grandes intelectuais latinoamericanos contemporâneos. Assim, buscamos fazer uma homenagem ao sociólogo argentino publicando uma entrevista inédita concedida durante a sua passagem pelo Recife, em 2013, encerrando essa revista com uma sessão especial sobre a sua trajetória

The post-mortem resilience of facial creases and the possibility for use in identification of the dead

The post-mortem resilience of facial creases was studied using donated bodies in order to establish the efficacy of crease analysis for identification of the dead. Creases were studied on normal (pre-embalmed) and bloated (embalmed) cadavers at the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID) to establish whether facial bloating would affect facial crease visibility. Embalming was chosen to simulate the effects produced by post-mortem bloating. The results suggested that creases are resilient and changes were only detected for creases located on the periphery of the face, particularly at areas where the skin is thick, such as at the cheeks. Two new creases not previously classified were identified; these creases were called the vertical superciliary arch line and the lateral nose crease. This research suggests that facial creases may be resilient enough after death to be utilised for human identification

Virtual 3D planning and prediction accuracy in two bimaxillary face transplantations in Helsinki

Conclusions: 3D planning is feasible , provides close to accurate bone reconstruction in face transplantation. Preoperative virtual transplantation assists planning and improves the outcome in bimaxillary face transplantation. (c) 2021 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Pub-lished by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )Peer reviewe

Three-Dimensional Printing: A Novel Technology for Use in Oral and Maxillofacial Operations

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is cited as “a novel, fascinating, future builder technology” in many papers and articles. Use of this technology in the field of medicine and especially oral and maxillofacial surgery is expanding. The type of manufacturing systems, materials, cost-effectiveness, and also bio-printing, with studies from around the world today, make this field a “hot-topic” in reconstructive and regenerative surgery. This chapter evaluates the latest updates and scientific uses of 3D printing

Implantation of 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Aneurysm Models into Cadaveric Specimens: A New Training Paradigm to Allow for Improvements in Cerebrovascular Surgery and Research.

AimTo evaluate the feasibility of implanting 3D-printed brain aneurysm model in human cadavers and to assess their utility in neurosurgical research, complex case management/planning, and operative training.MethodsTwo 3D-printed aneurysm models, basilar apex and middle cerebral artery, were generated and implanted in four cadaveric specimens. The aneurysms were implanted at the same anatomical region as the modeled patient. Pterional and orbitozygomatic approaches were done on each specimen. The aneurysm implant, manipulation capabilities, and surgical clipping were evaluated.ResultsThe 3D aneurysm models were successfully implanted to the cadaveric specimens' arterial circulation in all cases. The features of the neck in terms of flexibility and its relationship with other arterial branches allowed for the practice of surgical maneuvering characteristic to aneurysm clipping. Furthermore, the relationship of the aneurysm dome with the surrounding structures allowed for better understanding of the aneurysmal local mass effect. Noticeably, all of these observations were done in a realistic environment provided by our customized embalming model for neurosurgical simulation.Conclusion3D aneurysms models implanted in cadaveric specimens may represent an untapped training method for replicating clip technique; for practicing certain approaches to aneurysms specific to a particular patient; and for improving neurosurgical research