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Evaluating the resilience and security of boundaryless, evolving socio-technical Systems of Systems
Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS - a collection of Technical Notes Part 1
This report provides an introduction and overview of the Technical Topic Notes (TTNs) produced in the Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS (Tigars) project. These notes aim to support the development and evaluation of autonomous vehicles. Part 1 addresses: Assurance-overview and issues, Resilience and Safety Requirements, Open Systems Perspective and Formal Verification and Static Analysis of ML Systems. Part 2: Simulation and Dynamic Testing, Defence in Depth and Diversity, Security-Informed Safety Analysis, Standards and Guidelines
The Effect of Security Education and Expertise on Security Assessments: the Case of Software Vulnerabilities
In spite of the growing importance of software security and the industry
demand for more cyber security expertise in the workforce, the effect of
security education and experience on the ability to assess complex software
security problems has only been recently investigated. As proxy for the full
range of software security skills, we considered the problem of assessing the
severity of software vulnerabilities by means of a structured analysis
methodology widely used in industry (i.e. the Common Vulnerability Scoring
System (\CVSS) v3), and designed a study to compare how accurately individuals
with background in information technology but different professional experience
and education in cyber security are able to assess the severity of software
vulnerabilities. Our results provide some structural insights into the complex
relationship between education or experience of assessors and the quality of
their assessments. In particular we find that individual characteristics matter
more than professional experience or formal education; apparently it is the
\emph{combination} of skills that one owns (including the actual knowledge of
the system under study), rather than the specialization or the years of
experience, to influence more the assessment quality. Similarly, we find that
the overall advantage given by professional expertise significantly depends on
the composition of the individual security skills as well as on the available
information.Comment: Presented at the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security
(WEIS 2018), Innsbruck, Austria, June 201
Sonification of Network Traffic Flow for Monitoring and Situational Awareness
Maintaining situational awareness of what is happening within a network is
challenging, not least because the behaviour happens within computers and
communications networks, but also because data traffic speeds and volumes are
beyond human ability to process. Visualisation is widely used to present
information about the dynamics of network traffic dynamics. Although it
provides operators with an overall view and specific information about
particular traffic or attacks on the network, it often fails to represent the
events in an understandable way. Visualisations require visual attention and so
are not well suited to continuous monitoring scenarios in which network
administrators must carry out other tasks. Situational awareness is critical
and essential for decision-making in the domain of computer network monitoring
where it is vital to be able to identify and recognize network environment
behaviours.Here we present SoNSTAR (Sonification of Networks for SiTuational
AwaReness), a real-time sonification system to be used in the monitoring of
computer networks to support the situational awareness of network
administrators. SoNSTAR provides an auditory representation of all the TCP/IP
protocol traffic within a network based on the different traffic flows between
between network hosts. SoNSTAR raises situational awareness levels for computer
network defence by allowing operators to achieve better understanding and
performance while imposing less workload compared to visual techniques. SoNSTAR
identifies the features of network traffic flows by inspecting the status flags
of TCP/IP packet headers and mapping traffic events to recorded sounds to
generate a soundscape representing the real-time status of the network traffic
environment. Listening to the soundscape allows the administrator to recognise
anomalous behaviour quickly and without having to continuously watch a computer
screen.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures plus supplemental material in Github repositor
A Data Fusion Technique to Detect Wireless Network Virtual Jamming Attacks
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Wireless communications are potentially exposed to jamming due to the openness of the medium and, in particular, to virtual jamming, which allows more energy-efficient attacks. In this paper we tackle the problem of virtual jamming attacks on IEEE 802.11 networks and present a data fusion solution for the detection of a type of virtual jamming attack (namely, NAV attacks), based on the real-time monitoring of a set of metrics. The detection performance is evaluated in a number of real scenarios
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