1,499 research outputs found

    Data Portraits and Intermediary Topics: Encouraging Exploration of Politically Diverse Profiles

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    In micro-blogging platforms, people connect and interact with others. However, due to cognitive biases, they tend to interact with like-minded people and read agreeable information only. Many efforts to make people connect with those who think differently have not worked well. In this paper, we hypothesize, first, that previous approaches have not worked because they have been direct -- they have tried to explicitly connect people with those having opposing views on sensitive issues. Second, that neither recommendation or presentation of information by themselves are enough to encourage behavioral change. We propose a platform that mixes a recommender algorithm and a visualization-based user interface to explore recommendations. It recommends politically diverse profiles in terms of distance of latent topics, and displays those recommendations in a visual representation of each user's personal content. We performed an "in the wild" evaluation of this platform, and found that people explored more recommendations when using a biased algorithm instead of ours. In line with our hypothesis, we also found that the mixture of our recommender algorithm and our user interface, allowed politically interested users to exhibit an unbiased exploration of the recommended profiles. Finally, our results contribute insights in two aspects: first, which individual differences are important when designing platforms aimed at behavioral change; and second, which algorithms and user interfaces should be mixed to help users avoid cognitive mechanisms that lead to biased behavior.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. To be presented at ACM Intelligent User Interfaces 201

    Communication management on social networking sites: Stakeholder motives and usage types of corporate Facebook, Twitter and YouTube pages

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    Purpose – Over the last years, many corporations have started to maintain profile pages on social networking sites (SNS), but research on how and why organizational stakeholders use these profile pages has not kept pace. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies a combined perspective of uses-andgratifications (U&G) and social cognitive theory (SCT) to investigate the reasons why politicians and digital natives consume and interact with corporations on SNS. In total, 65 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings – Results suggest that the two stakeholder groups differ in their motivations, as well as behavior to use corporate profile pages. Digital natives seem to prefer Facebook to interact with companies, politicians prefer Twitter. Corporate YouTube pages are almost not important to any of the groups. Research limitations/implications – The qualitative nature of the study does not allow for generalizations of the findings to larger populations. Suggestions for further research are addressed in the discussion section. Practical implications – The study results have numerous implications for the practice of communication management. Fans on SNS do not tend to interact with corporations to a large extent, but are loyal followers. Once a connection between an individual and a company is established, it is likely to last. This enables corporations to gain rich information from their networks to be included in customer service, product development, issues management and recruiting. Originality/value – This is the first study in the field of communication management, which applies a micro-level approach to interviewing users of corporate communication; in order to reveal the reasons why and how they use corporate social networking profile pages

    A Topic Recommender for Journalists

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    The way in which people acquire information on events and form their own opinion on them has changed dramatically with the advent of social media. For many readers, the news gathered from online sources become an opportunity to share points of view and information within micro-blogging platforms such as Twitter, mainly aimed at satisfying their communication needs. Furthermore, the need to deepen the aspects related to news stimulates a demand for additional information which is often met through online encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia. This behaviour has also influenced the way in which journalists write their articles, requiring a careful assessment of what actually interests the readers. The goal of this paper is to present a recommender system, What to Write and Why, capable of suggesting to a journalist, for a given event, the aspects still uncovered in news articles on which the readers focus their interest. The basic idea is to characterize an event according to the echo it receives in online news sources and associate it with the corresponding readers’ communicative and informative patterns, detected through the analysis of Twitter and Wikipedia, respectively. Our methodology temporally aligns the results of this analysis and recommends the concepts that emerge as topics of interest from Twitter and Wikipedia, either not covered or poorly covered in the published news articles

    Survey on Link Prediction and Page Ranking In Blogs S.Geetha

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    This paper presents a study of the various aspects of link prediction and page ranking in blogs. Social networks have taken on a new eminence from the prospect of the analysis of social networks, which is a recent area of research which grew out of the social sciences as well as the exact sciences, especially with the computing capacity for mathematical calculations and even modelling which was previously impossible. An essential element of social media, particularly blogs, is the hyperlink graph that connects various pieces of content. Link prediction has many applications, including recommending new items in online networks (e.g., products in eBay and Amazon, and friends in Face book), monitoring and preventing criminal activities in a criminal network, predicting the next web page users will visit, and complementing missing links in automatic web data crawlers. Page Rank is the technique used by Google to determine importance of page on the web. It considers all incoming links to a page as votes for Page Rank. Our findings provide an overview of social relations and we address the problem of page ranking and link prediction in networked data, which appears in many applications such as network analysis or recommended systems. Keywords- web log, social networks analysis, readership, link prediction, Page ranking. I

    Perceptions of teachers who engage in social media networking: a multiple case study

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    The purpose of this study was to examine how and why teachers engage in social media networks. Using a case study approach, data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, online observations, direct observations, artifacts, and documents to gain understanding to how and why teachers are using online networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, and Twitter for professional learning. The underpinnings of constructivism and social constructivism theories served to provide a framework for understanding how teachers perceive their professional use of social media. Moreover, this study sought to gain insight into how this practice may or may not influence teacher practice at Rawlings County Institute of Technology. As a result, this research identified five themes: Effects on Students\u27 Learning Experiences and Engagement; Convenience: Access and Opportunities Embedded within Social Media Venues; Personalized/Customized Learning Experiences; Building Knowledge to Enhance Practice; and Self-care and Support

    BLOG.GOV: winning digital hearts and minds?: professionalization, personalization and ideology in foreign policy communication

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    Discussions of blogging as a form of political communication have mainly centred on the context of election campaigns, national domestic issues, citizen political blogging and mainstream media blogs. The rise of government blogging as an alternative news source in the aftermath of the 2003 war in Iraq, however, is much less addressed by scholars. This thesis examines the case of the US State Department blog Dipnote in order to study the dynamics of blogging as foreign policy communication and public diplomacy. The focus of the analysis is on posts relating to the Middle East, towards which US foreign policy attention was primarily geared after 9/11. The broader research question of this thesis attempts to determine the relative importance of professionalization, personalization and ideology in influencing the content on the official foreign policy blog of the U.S. government, in order to advance the theoretical understanding of blogging in the context of foreign policy communication and public diplomacy. A content analysis of blog posts was conducted between the period of September 2007, when the blog was launched, and March 2010. In addition to this, several interviews were conducted with the management of the blog at the State Department. Furthermore, by comparing the blog content under the Bush and Obama administrations, this study was able to trace patterns of continuities and discontinuities over time. The analytical framework is adapted from Farrell and Webb’s (2002) professionalization framework, and as such it breaks down the blog’s elements into technical, resource, and thematic developments. First, it is argued that the utilization of the blog as a cultural space is a new interpretation for foreign policy communication not previously considered in studies of government blogging in political communication or public diplomacy research. Second, blogging enables a new form of official yet casual communication which serves to legitimize American activities and presence in the Middle East through personalization and de-ideologization of content that make the blog a source of soft power. Third, the blog is a “protected space” (adapted from Gumbrecht, 2004) where the government maintains editorial control, low immediacy, low interactivity and low engagement. Overall, the findings point to the classic contradictions that the government faces both offline and online in the digital era; between openness and control, as well as secrecy and transparency, especially in the foreign policy context. In conclusion, the analysis suggests that blogging is part of an evolution and does not amount to a revolution in political communication and public diplomacy. I thus argue that in their adoption of new technology, the government moves from a new technology experimental phase to a new technology consolidation phase

    Network-aware recommendations in online social networks

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    Along with the rapid increase of using social networks sites such as Twitter, a massive number of tweets published every day which generally affect the users decision to forward what they receive of information, and result in making them feel overwhelmed with this information. Then, it is important for this services to help the users not lose their focus from what is close to their interests, and to find potentially interesting tweets. The problem that can occur in this case is called information overload, where an individual will encounter too much information in a short time period. For instance, in Twitter, the user can see a large number of tweets posted by her followees. To sort out this issue, recommender systems are used to give contents that match the user's needs. This thesis presents a tweet-recommendation approach aiming at proposing novel tweets to users and achieving improvement over baseline. For this reason, we propose to exploit network, content, and retweet analyses for making recommendations of tweets. The main objective of this research is to recommend tweets that are unseen by the user (i.e., they do not appear in the user timeline) because nobody in her social circles published or retweeted them. To achieve this goal, we create the user's ego-network up to depth two and apply the transitivity property of the \emph{friends-of-friends} relationship to determine interesting recommendations. After this step, we apply cosine similarity and Jaccard distance as similarity measures for the candidate tweets obtained from the network analysis using bigrams. We also count the mutual retweets between the ego user and candidate users as a measure of shared similar tastes. The values of these features are compared together for each of the candidate tweets using pairwise comparisons in order to determine interesting recommendations that are ranked to best match the user's interests. Experimental results demonstrate through a real user study that our approach improves the state-of-the-art technique. In addition to the efficiency of our approach in finding relevant contents, it is also characterized by the fact of providing novel tweets, which solves the over-specialization challenge or serendipity problem that appears when using content-based recommender systems as a stand alone approach of recommendation

    Biased behavior in web activities: from understanding to unbiased visual exploration

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    Las tendencias actuales en la Web apuntan hacia la personalización de contenido, lo que no sería un problema en un mundo uniforme y sin sesgos, pero nuestro mundo no es ni uniforme ni libre de sesgos. En esta tesis planteamos la hipótesis de que los sesgos sistémicos y cognitivos que afectan a las personas en el mundo físico también afectan el comportamiento de éstas al explorar contenido en la Web. Proponemos que es posible fomentar una disminución en el comportamiento sesgado a través de una mirada holística que incluye cuantificación de sesgos, formulación de algoritmos, y diseño de interfaces de usuario. Estas tres partes del proceso propuesto son implementadas utilizando técnicas de Minería de la Web. A su vez, son guiadas por las Ciencias Sociales, y presentadas a través de sistemas Casuales de Visualización de Información. Seguimos un enfoque transversal en el cual se aplica este proceso con diferentes niveles de profundidad a lo largo de tres casos de estudio en Wikipedia y Twitter. Como resultado, observamos que los sesgos presentes en el mundo físico efectivamente se ven reflejados en plataformas Web, afectando el contenido, la percepción y el comportamiento de las personas. A través del análisis transversal de los casos de estudio, se presentan las siguientes conclusiones: 1) las herramientas de Minería de la Web son efectivas para medir y detectar comportamiento sesgado; 2) las técnicas de Visualización de Información enfocadas en personas no expertas fomentan el comportamiento no sesgado; y 3) no existen soluciones universales, y en adición a los contextos sociales y culturales, los sesgos deben ser considerados a la hora de diseñar sistemas. Para alcanzar estas conclusiones se implementaron sistemas "en la selva", evaluados de manera cuantitativa en un entorno no controlado, con un enfoque en métricas de participación y compromiso. El uso de dichas métricas es una contribución de la tesis, ya que probaron ser efectivas al medir diferencias en el comportamiento en sistemas exploratorios

    Tweeting the Olympic Games

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    From the introduction of television at the Berlin 1936 Olympic Games to its transformation into 3D broadcasting at London 2012, media innovation has always surrounded the Olympics (Miah & Garcia 2012). As such, the broader context of a debate about London 2012’s new media production must be situated within the Olympic industry’s wider relationship with the media, where exclusive contracts with television broadcasters and the International Olympic Committee (IOC)’s commitment to reaching the widest possible audience have been key to its financial stability over the last 30 years (Payne 2006). Yet the new media story of the Olympics is still relatively new, with Atlanta 1996 being the first Games to even have a website (Toohey & Warning 2000). In less than 20 years, the world has seen the rise and fall of the dot-com era and the growth of Google, YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, Wordpress and Vimeo, to mention just a few. The web has shifted from a point-and-click static, Web 1.0, html environment, to a dynamic, xml, Web 2.0 architecture, where content can be republished, shared and embedded elsewhere at the stroke of a touchpad. • Miah, A. (2014) Tweeting the Olympic Games, in Girginov, V. The Routledge Handbook of the London 2012 Olympic & Paralympic Games, Volume 2, Oxon, Routledge, pp.96-10
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