3,731 research outputs found
Nonperturbative Light-Front QCD
In this work the determination of low-energy bound states in Quantum
Chromodynamics is recast so that it is linked to a weak-coupling problem. This
allows one to approach the solution with the same techniques which solve
Quantum Electrodynamics: namely, a combination of weak-coupling diagrams and
many-body quantum mechanics. The key to eliminating necessarily nonperturbative
effects is the use of a bare Hamiltonian in which quarks and gluons have
nonzero constituent masses rather than the zero masses of the current picture.
The use of constituent masses cuts off the growth of the running coupling
constant and makes it possible that the running coupling never leaves the
perturbative domain. For stabilization purposes an artificial potential is
added to the Hamiltonian, but with a coefficient that vanishes at the physical
value of the coupling constant. The weak-coupling approach potentially
reconciles the simplicity of the Constituent Quark Model with the complexities
of Quantum Chromodynamics. The penalty for achieving this perturbative picture
is the necessity of formulating the dynamics of QCD in light-front coordinates
and of dealing with the complexities of renormalization which such a
formulation entails. We describe the renormalization process first using a
qualitative phase space cell analysis, and we then set up a precise similarity
renormalization scheme with cutoffs on constituent momenta and exhibit
calculations to second order. We outline further computations that remain to be
carried out. There is an initial nonperturbative but nonrelativistic
calculation of the hadronic masses that determines the artificial potential,
with binding energies required to be fourth order in the coupling as in QED.
Next there is a calculation of the leading radiative corrections to these
masses, which requires our renormalization program. Then the real struggle of
finding the right extensions to perturbation theory to study the
strong-coupling behavior of bound states can begin.Comment: 56 pages (REVTEX), Report OSU-NT-94-28. (figures not included,
available via anaonymous ftp from pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu in subdirectory
pub/infolight/qcd
Large-scale exact diagonalizations reveal low-momentum scales of nuclei
Ab initio methods aim to solve the nuclear many-body problem with controlled
approximations. Virtually exact numerical solutions for realistic interactions
can only be obtained for certain special cases such as few-nucleon systems.
Here we extend the reach of exact diagonalization methods to handle model
spaces with dimension exceeding on a single compute node. This allows
us to perform no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for 6Li in model spaces
up to and to reveal the 4He+d halo structure of this
nucleus. Still, the use of a finite harmonic-oscillator basis implies
truncations in both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) length scales. These
truncations impose finite-size corrections on observables computed in this
basis. We perform IR extrapolations of energies and radii computed in the NCSM
and with the coupled-cluster method at several fixed UV cutoffs. It is shown
that this strategy enables information gain also from data that is not fully UV
converged. IR extrapolations improve the accuracy of relevant bound-state
observables for a range of UV cutoffs, thus making them profitable tools. We
relate the momentum scale that governs the exponential IR convergence to the
threshold energy for the first open decay channel. Using large-scale NCSM
calculations we numerically verify this small-momentum scale of finite nuclei.Comment: Minor revisions.Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Pion-less effective field theory for atomic nuclei and lattice nuclei
We compute the medium-mass nuclei O and Ca using pionless
effective field theory (EFT) at next-to-leading order (NLO). The low-energy
coefficients of the EFT Hamiltonian are adjusted to experimantal data for
nuclei with mass numbers and , or alternatively to results from
lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at an unphysical pion mass of 806 MeV. The
EFT is implemented through a discrete variable representation in the harmonic
oscillator basis. This approach ensures rapid convergence with respect to the
size of the model space and facilitates the computation of medium-mass nuclei.
At NLO the nuclei O and Ca are bound with respect to decay into
alpha particles. Binding energies per nucleon are 9-10 MeV and 30-40 MeV at
pion masses of 140 MeV and 806 MeV, respectively.Comment: 26 page
The Zero-Bin and Mode Factorization in Quantum Field Theory
We study a Lagrangian formalism that avoids double counting in effective
field theories where distinct fields are used to describe different infrared
momentum regions for the same particle. The formalism leads to extra
subtractions in certain diagrams and to a new way of thinking about
factorization of modes in quantum field theory. In non-relativistic field
theories, the subtractions remove unphysical pinch singularities in box type
diagrams, and give a derivation of the known pull-up mechanism between soft and
ultrasoft fields which is required by the renormalization group evolution. In a
field theory for energetic particles, the soft-collinear effective theory
(SCET), the subtractions allow the theory to be defined with different infrared
and ultraviolet regulators, remove double counting between soft, ultrasoft, and
collinear modes, and give results which reproduce the infrared divergences of
the full theory. Our analysis shows that convolution divergences in
factorization formul\ae occur due to an overlap of momentum regions. We propose
a method that avoids this double counting, which helps to resolve a long
standing puzzle with singularities in collinear factorization in QCD. The
analysis gives evidence for a factorization in rapidity space in exclusive
decays.Comment: 92 pages, v4- Journal version. Some improvements to language in
sections I, IIA, VI
A Consistency Test of EFT Power Countings from Residual Cutoff Dependence
A method to quantitatively assess the consistency of power-counting proposals
in Effective Field Theories (EFT) which are non-perturbative at leading order
is presented. The Renormalisation Group evolution of an observable predicts the
functional form of its residual cutoff dependence on the breakdown scale of an
EFT, on the low-momentum scales, and on the order of the calculation. Passing
this test is a necessary but not sufficient consistency criterion for a
suggested power counting whose exact nature is disputed. In Chiral Effective
Field Theory (ChiEFT) with more than one nucleon, a lack of universally
accepted analytic solutions obfuscates the convergence pattern in results. This
led to proposals which predict different sets of Low Energy Coefficients (LECs)
at the same chiral order, and at times even predict a different ordering
long-range contributions. The method may independently check whether an
observable is renormalised at a given order, and proves estimates of both the
breakdown scale and the momentum-dependent order-by-order convergence pattern.
Conversely, it helps identify those LECs (and long-range pieces) which ensure
renormalised observables at a given order. I also discuss assumptions and the
relation to Wilson's Renormalisation Group; useful observable and cutoff
choices; the momentum window with likely best signals; its dependence on the
values and forms of cutoffs as well as on the EFT parameters; the impact of
fitting LECs to data; and caveats as well as limitations. Since the test is
designed to minimise the use of data, it quantitatively falsifies if the EFT
has been renormalised consistently. This complements other tests which quantify
how an EFT compares to experiment. Its application in particular to the 3P0 and
P2-3F2 partial waves of NN scattering in ChiEFT may elucidate persistent
power-counting issues.Comment: 15 pages LaTeX2e (pdflatex) including 5 figures as .pdf files using
includegraphics. Final version to appear in Europ. J. Phys. A topical issue
"The Tower of Effective (Field) Theories and the Emergence of Nuclear
Phenomena". arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1511.00490
Author's note: substantial corrections in key argument and expansions.
Version appearing in Eur Phys J
Light-Front QCD and the Constituent Quark Model
A general strategy is described for deriving a constituent approximation to
QCD, inspired by the constituent quark model and based on light-front
quantization. Some technical aspects of the approach are discussed, including a
mechanism for obtaining a confining potential and ways in which spontaneous
chiral symmetry breaking can be manifested. (Based on a talk presented by K.G.
Wilson at ``Theory of Hadrons and Light-Front QCD,'' Polana Zgorzelisko,
Poland, August 1994.)Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Diffusion and Decoherence of Squarks and Quarks During the Electroweak Phase Transition
To estimate the diffusion constant of particles in a plasma, we develop a
method that is based on the mean free path for scatterings with
momentum transfer . Using this method, we estimate and
for squarks and quarks during the electroweak phase transition. Assuming that
Debye and magnetic screening lengths provide suitable infrared cutoffs, our
calculations yield and for both squarks and
quarks. Our estimate of suggests that suppressions of charge
transport due to decoherence of these strongly interacting particles during the
electroweak phase transition are not severe and that these particles may
contribute significantly to electroweak baryogenesis.Comment: 11 pages. Expanded discussion of our method and approximations,
reference adde
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