A Nonlinear Decision-Based Algorithm for Removal of Strip Lines, Drop Lines, Blotches, Band Missing and Impulses in Images and Videos

A decision-based nonlinear algorithm for removal of strip lines, drop lines, blotches, band missing, and impulses in images is presented. The algorithm performs two simultaneous operations, namely, detection of corrupted pixels and estimation of new pixels for replacing the corrupted pixels. Removal of these artifacts is achieved without damaging edges and details. The algorithm uses an adaptive length window whose maximum size is 5×5 to avoid blurring due to large window sizes. However, the restricted window size renders median operation less effective whenever noise is excessive in which case the proposed algorithm automatically switches to mean filtering. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed in terms of mean square error [MSE], peak-signal-to-noise ratio [PSNR], and image enhancement factor [IEF] and compared with standard algorithms already in use. Improved performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that a single algorithm can replace several independent algorithms required for removal of different artifacts

11th International Coral Reef Symposium Proceedings

A defining theme of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium was that the news for coral reef ecosystems are far from encouraging. Climate change happens now much faster than in an ice-age transition, and coral reefs continue to suffer fever-high temperatures as well as sour ocean conditions. Corals may be falling behind, and there appears to be no special silver bullet remedy. Nevertheless, there are hopeful signs that we should not despair. Reef ecosystems respond vigorously to protective measures and alleviation of stress. For concerned scientists, managers, conservationists, stakeholders, students, and citizens, there is a great role to play in continuing to report on the extreme threat that climate change represents to earth’s natural systems. Urgent action is needed to reduce CO2 emissions. In the interim, we can and must buy time for coral reefs through increased protection from sewage, sediment, pollutants, overfishing, development, and other stressors, all of which we know can damage coral health. The time to act is now. The canary in the coral-coal mine is dead, but we still have time to save the miners. We need effective management rooted in solid interdisciplinary science and coupled with stakeholder buy in, working at local, regional, and international scales alongside global efforts to give reefs a chance.https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_icrs/1000/thumbnail.jp