18 research outputs found

    Minimum component high frequency current mode rectifier

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    In this paper a current mode full wave rectifier circuit is proposed. The current mode rectifiercircuit is implemented utilizing a floating current source (FCS) as an active element. Theminimum component full wave rectifier utilizes only a single floating current source, twodiodes and two grounded resistors. The extremely simple implementation enjoys highfrequency operation and provides both inverting and non-inverting rectified outputssimultaneously. The rectifier system can work up to a frequency of 500MHz with acceptabledistortion. The circuit exhibits low power consumption at ±0.75V supply voltage. Thenon-ideal and temperature analysis was also performed to study their impact on itsperformance. It was also shown that FCS can work as half wave rectifier as well. Theperformance of the circuit is evaluated using 0.18Όm TSMC CMOS parameters using Hspice.Keywords: current-mode circuits; floating current source; high frequency; rectifier

    Low Voltage Low Power Analogue Circuits Design

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    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce je zaměƙena na vĂœzkum nejbÄ›ĆŸnějĆĄĂ­ch metod, kterĂ© se vyuĆŸĂ­vajĂ­ pƙi nĂĄvrhu analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ s vyuĆŸitĂ­ nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch (LV) a nĂ­zkopƙíkonovĂœch (LP) struktur. Tyto LV LP obvody mohou bĂœt vytvoƙeny dĂ­ky vyspělĂœm technologiĂ­m nebo takĂ© vyuĆŸitĂ­m pokročilĂœch technik nĂĄvrhu. DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ prĂĄvě pokročilĂœmi technikami nĂĄvrhu, pƙedevĆĄĂ­m pak nekonvenčnĂ­mi. Mezi tyto techniky patƙí vyuĆŸitĂ­ prvkĆŻ s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem (bulk-driven - BD), s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (floating-gate - FG), s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - QFG), s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (bulk-driven floating-gate - BD-FG) a s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - BD-QFG). PrĂĄce je takĂ© orientovĂĄna na moĆŸnĂ© zpĆŻsoby implementace znĂĄmĂœch a modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m nebo mix-mĂłdu. Mezi tyto prvky lze začlenit zesilovače typu OTA (operational transconductance amplifier), CCII (second generation current conveyor), FB-CCII (fully-differential second generation current conveyor), FB-DDA (fully-balanced differential difference amplifier), VDTA (voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CC-CDBA (current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier) a CFOA (current feedback operational amplifier). Za Ășčelem potvrzenĂ­ funkčnosti a chovĂĄnĂ­ vĂœĆĄe zmĂ­něnĂœch struktur a prvkĆŻ byly vytvoƙeny pƙíklady aplikacĂ­, kterĂ© simulujĂ­ usměrƈovacĂ­ a induktančnĂ­ vlastnosti diody, dĂĄle pak filtry dolnĂ­ propusti, pĂĄsmovĂ© propusti a takĂ© univerzĂĄlnĂ­ filtry. VĆĄechny aktivnĂ­ prvky a pƙíklady aplikacĂ­ byly ověƙeny pomocĂ­ PSpice simulacĂ­ s vyuĆŸitĂ­m parametrĆŻ technologie 0,18 m TSMC CMOS. Pro ilustraci pƙesnĂ©ho a ĂșčinnĂ©ho chovĂĄnĂ­ struktur je v disertačnĂ­ prĂĄci zahrnuto velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ­ simulačnĂ­ch vĂœsledkĆŻ.The dissertation thesis is aiming at examining the most common methods adopted by analog circuits' designers in order to achieve low voltage (LV) low power (LP) configurations. The capability of LV LP operation could be achieved either by developed technologies or by design techniques. The thesis is concentrating upon design techniques, especially the non–conventional ones which are bulk–driven (BD), floating–gate (FG), quasi–floating–gate (QFG), bulk–driven floating–gate (BD–FG) and bulk–driven quasi–floating–gate (BD–QFG) techniques. The thesis also looks at ways of implementing structures of well–known and modern active elements operating in voltage–, current–, and mixed–mode such as operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), second generation current conveyor (CCII), fully–differential second generation current conveyor (FB–CCII), fully–balanced differential difference amplifier (FB–DDA), voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), current–controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CC–CDBA) and current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). In order to confirm the functionality and behavior of these configurations and elements, they have been utilized in application examples such as diode–less rectifier and inductance simulations, as well as low–pass, band–pass and universal filters. All active elements and application examples have been verified by PSpice simulator using the 0.18 m TSMC CMOS parameters. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of structures.

    Current and Voltage Conveyors in Current- and Voltage-Mode Precision Full-Wave Rectifiers

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    In this paper new versatile precision full-wave rectifiers using current and/or voltage conveyors as active elements and two diodes are presented. The performance of these circuit solutions is analysed and compared to the opamp based precision rectifier. To analyze the behavior of the functional blocks, the frequency dependent RMS error and DC transient value are evaluated for different values of input voltage amplitudes. Furthermore, experimental results are given that show the feasibilities of the conveyor based rectifiers superior to the corresponding operational amplifier based topology

    Novel active function blocks and their applications in frequency filters and quadrature oscillators

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    KmitočtovĂ© filtry a sinusoidnĂ­ oscilĂĄtory jsou lineĂĄrnĂ­ elektronickĂ© obvody, kterĂ© jsou pouĆŸĂ­vĂĄny v ĆĄirokĂ© oblasti elektroniky a jsou zĂĄkladnĂ­mi stavebnĂ­mi bloky v analogovĂ©m zpracovĂĄnĂ­ signĂĄlu. V poslednĂ­ dekĂĄdě pro tento Ășčel bylo prezentovĂĄno velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ­ stavebnĂ­ch funkčnĂ­ch blokĆŻ. V letech 2000 a 2006 na Ústavu telekomunikacĂ­, VUT v Brně byly definovĂĄny univerzĂĄlnĂ­ proudovĂœ konvejor (UCC) a univerzĂĄlnĂ­ napět'ovĂœ konvejor (UVC) a vyrobeny ve spoluprĂĄci s firmou AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. OvĆĄem, stĂĄle existuje poĆŸadavek na vĂœvoj novĂœch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ, kterĂ© nabĂ­zejĂ­ novĂ© vĂœhody. HlavnĂ­ pƙínos prĂĄce proto spočívĂĄ v definici dalĆĄĂ­ch pĆŻvodnĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch stavebnĂ­ch blokĆŻ jako jsou differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), a minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). PomocĂ­ navrĆŸenĂœch aktivnĂ­ch stavebnĂ­ch blokĆŻ byly prezentovĂĄny pĆŻvodnĂ­ zapojenĂ­ fĂĄzovacĂ­ch člĂĄnkĆŻ prvnĂ­ho ƙádu, univerzĂĄlnĂ­ filtry druhĂ©ho ƙádu, ekvivalenty obvodu typu KHN, inverznĂ­ filtry, aktivnĂ­ simulĂĄtory uzemněnĂ©ho induktoru a kvadraturnĂ­ sinusoidnĂ­ oscilĂĄtory pracujĂ­cĂ­ v proudovĂ©m, napět'ovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄenĂ©m mĂłdu. ChovĂĄnĂ­ navrĆŸenĂœch obvodĆŻ byla ověƙena simulacĂ­ v prostƙedĂ­ SPICE a ve vybranĂœch pƙípadech experimentĂĄlnĂ­m měƙenĂ­m.Frequency filters and sinusoidal oscillators are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics and also are the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, huge number of active building blocks (ABBs) were presented for this purpose. In 2000 and 2006, the universal current conveyor (UCC) and the universal voltage conveyor (UVC), respectively, were designed at the Department of Telecommunication, BUT, Brno, and produced in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. There is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new advantages. The main contribution of this thesis is, therefore, the definition of other novel ABBs such as the differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), the current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), the z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), the generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), the voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), and the minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). Using the proposed ABBs, novel structures of first-order all-pass filters, second-order universal filters, KHN-equivalent circuits, inverse filters, active grounded inductance simulators, and quadrature sinusoidal oscillators working in the current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode are presented. The behavior of the proposed circuits has been verified by SPICE simulations and in selected cases also by experimental measurements.

    Circuits for Analog Signal Processing Employing Unconventional Active Elements

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    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ zavĂĄděnĂ­m novĂœch struktur modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄenĂ©m reĆŸimu. Funkčnost a chovĂĄnĂ­ těchto prvkĆŻ byly ověƙeny prostƙednictvĂ­m SPICE simulacĂ­. V tĂ©to prĂĄci je zahrnuta ƙada simulacĂ­, kterĂ© dokazujĂ­ pƙesnost a dobrĂ© vlastnosti těchto prvkĆŻ, pƙičemĆŸ velkĂœ dĆŻraz byl kladen na to, aby tyto prvky byly schopny pracovat pƙi nĂ­zkĂ©m napĂĄjecĂ­m napětĂ­, jelikoĆŸ poptĂĄvka po pƙenosnĂœch elektronickĂœch zaƙízenĂ­ch a implantabilnĂ­ch zdravotnickĂœch pƙístrojĂ­ch stĂĄle roste. Tyto pƙístroje jsou napĂĄjeny bateriemi a k tomu, aby byla prodlouĆŸena jejich ĆŸivotnost, trend navrhovĂĄnĂ­ analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ směƙuje k stĂĄle větĆĄĂ­mu sniĆŸovĂĄnĂ­ spotƙeby a napĂĄjecĂ­ho napětĂ­. HlavnĂ­m pƙínosem tĂ©to prĂĄce je nĂĄvrh novĂœch CMOS struktur: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) na zĂĄkladě BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) a QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) na zĂĄkladě FG, transkonduktor na zĂĄkladě novĂ© techniky BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate), CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD (Gate Driven), VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD a DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě BD. DĂĄle je uvedeno několik zajĂ­mavĂœch aplikacĂ­ uĆŸĂ­vajĂ­cĂ­ch vĂœĆĄe jmenovanĂ© prvky. ZĂ­skanĂ© vĂœsledky simulacĂ­ odpovĂ­dajĂ­ teoretickĂœm pƙedpokladĆŻm.The dissertation thesis deals with implementing new structures of modern active elements working in voltage_, current_, and mixed mode. The functionality and behavior of these elements have been verified by SPICE simulation. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of those elements. However, a big attention to implement active elements by utilizing LV LP (Low Voltage Low Power) techniques is given in this thesis. This attention came from the fact that growing demand of portable electronic equipments and implantable medical devices are pushing the development towards LV LP integrated circuits because of their influence on batteries lifetime. More specifically, the main contribution of this thesis is to implement new CMOS structures of: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) based on BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) and QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) based on FG; Transconductor based on new technique of BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate); CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on conventional GD (Gate Driven); VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on GD. Moreover, defining new active element i.e. DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) based on BD is also one of the main contributions of this thesis. To confirm the workability and attractive properties of the proposed circuits many applications were exhibited. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.

    A Versatile Active Block: DXCCCII and Tunable Applications

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    The study describes dual-X controlled current conveyor (DXCCCII) as a versatile active block and its application to inductance simulators for testing. Moreover, the high pass filter application using with DXCCCII based inductance simulator and oscillator with flexible tunable oscillation frequency have been presented and simulated to confirm the theoretical validity. The proposed circuit which has a simple circuit design requires the low-voltage and the DXCCCII can also be tuned in the wide range by the biasing current. The proposed DXCCCII provides a good linearity, high output impedance at Z terminals, and a reasonable current and voltage transfer gain accuracy. The proposed DXCCCII and its applications have been simulated using the CMOS 0.18 ”m technology

    Analogue CMOS Cochlea Systems: A Historic Retrospective

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    Modeling and Analysis of Power Processing Systems

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    The feasibility of formulating a methodology for the modeling and analysis of aerospace electrical power processing systems is investigated. It is shown that a digital computer may be used in an interactive mode for the design, modeling, analysis, and comparison of power processing systems

    34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems-Final Program

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    Organized by the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California. Cosponsored by the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Symposium Organizing Committee: General Chairman-Sherif Michael, Technical Program-Roberto Cristi, Publications-Michael Soderstrand, Special Sessions- Charles W. Therrien, Publicity: Jeffrey Burl, Finance: Ralph Hippenstiel, and Local Arrangements: Barbara Cristi

    Development of trace gas detection instrumentation

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    Breadboard hardware was constructed to demonstrate detection of a gaseous species by the heterodyne principle. The characteristics of the component parts were investigated and preliminary measurements were made to establish the sensitivity and selectivity of the method for gas analysis of CO, CO2, and N2O. A prototype heterodyne gas analyzer was designed, built, and brought into operational condition. Performance parameters of the prototype analyzer were investigated and its sensitivity to CO2 measured. Further development was undertaken for both the optical bench and the electronic processor components. A three-gas prototype analyzer, capable of measuring the gases CO, CO2, and CH4 was also constructed and tested. Detailed descriptions of the work and results are presented
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