PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FIVE LEVEL Z SOURCE NEUTRAL POINT CLAMPED MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING SPWM AND SVPWM

The scope of this paper is to reduce the harmonic content and to boost the output voltage by introducing an emerging technique termed as Z-Source multilevel inverter. The Z-Source inverter had overcome many drawbacks in traditional inverters (Voltage source & Current source Inverters).The main advantage of Z- Source inverter is the presence of a shoot through the period (Short circuit) which plays an important role in boosting the voltage. When the number of levels in the output voltage of multilevel inverter is increased then accordingly the harmonic content is also reduced. Normally for a multilevel inverter the output voltage is restricted to the summation of all the input voltage values.To enhance this feature Z-Source is introduced with a multilevel inverter to obtain boosted voltage along with low harmonic distortion.The proposed methodology analysis the Z-Source Neutral point clamped inverter using the Space vector modulation technique with MATLAB/Simulink model and the related parameters is analyzed

Fault analysis and protection for wind power generation systems

Wind power is growing rapidly around the world as a means of dealing with the world energy shortage and associated environmental problems. Ambitious plans concerning renewable energy applications around European countries require a reliable yet economic system to generate, collect and transmit electrical power from renewable resources. In populous Europe, collective offshore large-scale wind farms are efficient and have the potential to reach this sustainable goal. This means that an even more reliable collection and transmission system is sought. However, this relatively new area of offshore wind power generation lacks systematic fault transient analysis and operational experience to enhance further development. At the same time, appropriate fault protection schemes are required. This thesis focuses on the analysis of fault conditions and investigates effective fault ride-through and protection schemes in the electrical systems of wind farms, for both small-scale land and large-scale offshore systems. Two variable-speed generation systems are considered: doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) and permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) because of their popularity nowadays for wind turbines scaling to several-MW systems. The main content of the thesis is as follows. The protection issues of DFIGs are discussed, with a novel protection scheme proposed. Then the analysis of protection scheme options for the fully rated converter, direct-driven PMSGs are examined and performed with simulation comparisons. Further, the protection schemes for wind farm collection and transmission systems are studied in terms of voltage level, collection level wind farm collection grids and high-voltage transmission systems for multi-terminal DC connected transmission systems, the so-called “Supergrid”. Throughout the thesis, theoretical analyses of fault transient performances are detailed with PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results for verification. Finally, the economic aspect for possible redundant design of wind farm electrical systems is investigated based on operational and economic statistics from an example wind farm project

Torque Control

This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers, a collection of 9 works, which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Control and may be comprised of three sections: different techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluctance machine

Integration of an Active Filter and a Single-Phase AC/DC Converter with Reduced Capacitance Requirement and Component Count

Existing methods of incorporating an active filter into an AC/DC converter for eliminating electrolytic capacitors usually require extra power switches. This inevitably leads to an increased system cost and degraded energy efficiency. In this paper, a concept of active-filter integration for single-phase AC/DC converters is reported. The resultant converters can provide simultaneous functions of power factor correction, DC voltage regulation, and active power decoupling for mitigating the low-frequency DC voltage ripple, without an electrolytic capacitor and extra power switch. To complement the operation, two closed-loop voltage-ripple-based reference generation methods are developed for controlling the energy storage components to achieve active power decoupling. Both simulation and experiment have confirmed the eligibility of the proposed concept and control methods in a 210-W rectification system comprising an H-bridge converter with a half-bridge active filter. Interestingly, the end converters (Type I and Type II) can be readily available using a conventional H-bridge converter with minor hardware modification. A stable DC output with merely 1.1% ripple is realized with two 50-μF film capacitors. For the same ripple performance, a 900-μF capacitor is required in conventional converters without an active filter. Moreover, it is found out that the active-filter integration concept might even improve the efficiency performance of the end converters as compared with the original AC/DC converter without integration

A Novel Cascaded Multilevel Converter

A novel cascaded multilevel converter is proposed in this thesis. The thesis proposes to produce more voltage levels from fewer H-bridges in a cascaded multilevel converter. The converter uses fewer H-bridges and the proposed switching scheme renders more voltage level in the staircase waveform with equal steps. Since the resulting voltage levels are equal, the angles are determined for the complete elimination of more unwanted harmonics. The implementation of the switching scheme, in single and three-phase configurations were simulated with Ansoft Simplorer♭ and the frequency spectrum of the resulting waveform and its total harmonic distortion are shown to verify the results. The number of switches employed in the converter is halved. The impact of voltage magnitude variations on harmonic elimination is analyzed. Source and switch utilization is also evaluate

Cascaded Converters For Integration And Management Of Grid Level Energy Storage Systems

ABSTRACT CASCADED CONVERTERS FOR INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GRID-LEVEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS by ZUHAIR ALAAS December 2017 Advisor: Dr. Caisheng Wang Major: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This research work proposes two cascaded multilevel inverter structures for BESS. The gating and switching control of switching devices in both inverter typologies are done by using a phase-shifted PWM scheme. The first proposed isolated multilevel inverter is made up of three-phase six-switch inverter blocks with a reduced number of power components compared with traditional isolated CHB. The suggested isolated converter has only one battery string for three-phase system that can be used for high voltage and high power applications such as grid connected BESS and alternative energy systems. The isolated inverter enables dq frame based simple control and eliminates the issues of single-phase pulsating power, which can cause detrimental impacts on certain dc sources. Simulation studies have been carried out to compare the proposed isolated multi-level inverter with an H-bridge cascaded transformer inverter. The simulation results verified the performance of the isolated inverter. The second proposed topology is a Hierarchal Cascaded Multilevel Converter (HCMC) with phase to phase SOC balancing capability which also for high voltage and high power battery energy storage systems. The HCMC has a hybrid structure of half-bridge converters and H-bridge inverters and the voltage can be hierarchically cascaded to reach the desired value at the half-bridge and the H-bridge levels. The uniform SOC battery management is achieved by controlling the half-bridge converters that are connected to individual battery modules/cells. Simulation studies and experimental results have been carried on a large scale battery system under different operating conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverters. Moreover, this dissertation presents a new three-phase SOC equalizing circuit, called six-switch energy-level balancing circuit (SSBC), which can be used to realize uniform SOC operation for full utilization of the battery capacity in proposed HCMC or any CMI inverter while keeping balanced three-phase operation. A sinusoidal PWM modulation technique is used to control power transferring between phases. Simulation results have been carried out to verify the performance of the proposed SSBC circuit of uniform three-phase SOC balancing

Spintronic device modeling and evaluation using modular approach to spintronics

Spintronics technology finds itself in an exciting stage today. Riding on the backs of rapid growth and impressive advances in materials and phenomena, it has started to make headway in the memory industry as solid state magnetic memories (STT-MRAM) and is considered a possible candidate to replace the CMOS when its scaling reaches physical limits. It is necessary to bring all these advances together in a coherent fashion to explore and evaluate the potential of spintronic devices. This work creates a framework for this exploration and evaluation based on Modular Approach to Spintronics, which encapsulate the physics of transport of charge and spin through materials and the phenomenology of magnetic dynamics and interaction in benchmarked elemental modules. These modules can then be combined together to form spin-circuit models of complex spintronic devices and structures which can be simulated using SPICE like circuit simulators. In this work we demonstrate how Modular Approach to Spintronics can be used to build spin-circuit models of functional spintronic devices of all types: memory, logic, and oscillators. We then show how Modular Approach to Spintronics can help identify critical factors behind static and dynamic dissipation in spintronic devices and provide remedies by exploring the use of various alternative materials and phenomena. Lastly, we show the use of Modular Approach to Spintronics in exploring new paradigms of computing enabled by the inherent physics of spintronic devices. We hope that this work will encourage more research and experiments that will establish spintronics as a viable technology for continued advancement of electronics

High Power, Medium Frequency, and Medium Voltage Transformer Design and Implementation

Many industrial applications that require high-power and high-voltage DC-DC conversion are emerging. Space-borne and off-shore wind farms, fleet fast electric vehicle charging stations, large data centers, and smart distribution systems are among the applications. Solid State Transformer (SST) is a promising concept for addressing these emerging applications. It replaces the traditional Low Frequency Transformer (LFT) while offering many advanced features such as VAR compensation, voltage regulation, fault isolation, and DC connectivity. Many technical challenges related to high voltage stress, efficiency, reliability, protection, and insulation must be addressed before the technology is ready for commercial deployment. Among the major challenges in the construction of SSTs are the strategies for connecting to Medium Voltage (MV) level. This issue has primarily been addressed by synthesizing multicellular SST concepts based on modules rated for a fraction of the total MV side voltage and connecting these modules in series at the input side. Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor development enables the fabrication of power semiconductor devices with high blocking voltage capabilities while achieving superior switching and conduction performances. When compared to modular lower voltage converters, these higher voltage semiconductors enable the construction of single-cell SSTs by avoiding the series connection of several modules, resulting in simple, reliable, lighter mass, more power dense, higher efficiency, and cost effective converter structures. This dissertation proposes a solution to this major issue. The proposed work focuses on the development of a dual active bridge with high power, medium voltage, and medium frequency control. This architecture addresses the shortcomings of existing modular systems by providing a more power dense, cost-effective, and efficient solution. For the first time, this topology is investigated on a 700kW system connected to a 13kVdc input to generate 7.2kVdc at the output. The use of 10kV SiC modules and gate drivers in an active neutral point clamped to two level dual active bridge converter is investigated. A special emphasis will be placed on a comprehensive transformer design that employs a multi-physics approach that addresses all magnetic, electrical, insulation, and thermal aspects. The transformer is designed and tested to ensure the system’s viability