146,589 research outputs found

    Proportional sampling strategy: A compendium and some insights

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    There have been numerous studies on the effectiveness of partition and random testing. In particular, the proportional sampling (PS) strategy has been proved, under certain conditions, to be the only form of partition testing that outperforms random testing regardless of where the failure-causing inputs are. This paper provides an integrated synthesis and overview of our recent studies on the PS strategy and its related work. Through this synthesis, we offer a perspective that properly interprets the results obtained so far, and present some of the interesting issues involved and new insights obtained during the course of this research. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.postprin

    The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Low Cost Strategy, Differentiation Strategy, Sustainable Innovation and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (Studies at Batik Small and Medium Enterprises in East Java Province, Indonesia)

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    This study aims to examine, analyze and explain the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Low Cost Strategy, Differentiation Strategies, Sustainable Innovation and Performance of Batik Small and Medium Enterprises in East Java Province, Indonesia.This research is explanatory research and sampling was done by using multi- stage area sampling,which is done through three stages, first, the determination of purposive sampling area, with a population of 2685 business units. Second, the sample set that batik Small Medium Enterprises owners are determined based on Slovin formula by 190 people. Third, calculate the proportion of samples in the four study areas with proportional random sampling. Data collection done through questionnaires which distributed through enumerators services, email and sent through the post. in addition, the researchers also conducted interviews with respondents directly. Furthermore, the data collected were processed using analysis of variance -based SEM with PLS software .The findings of this study is the first, entrepreneurial orientation significantly influence low cost strategy and differentiation strategy, but the effect is not significant to the sustainable innovation Second, low cost strategies significantly influence the sustainable innovation. Third, differentiation strategy significantly influence to the sustainable innovation. Fourth , sustainable innovation significantly influence the performance of Small Medium Enterprises . Dominant variable that affecting the sustainable innovation is differentiation strategy , thus it can be said that in implementing sustainable innovation and improve the performance of Small Medium Enterprises , especially in batik industry is more suitable with differentiation strategy , because batik is an Indonesian cultural heritage artworks that highlight characteristic area of ​​origin . However, for batik industry, batik Small Medium Enterprises  can implement a hybrid strategy which is  differentiation strategy and low cost strategies.Contribution of this study to scientific development is enriched theory of strategic management in based resources perspective, market-based and knowledge-based. Sustainable innovation is part of the evolution to be executed by the company's organization. Innovation come from creativity which is a collection of good ideas of knowledge, and experience that are in the human mind and then mixed into useful innovations on an ongoing basis. But innovation also identify customer needs of the present, and the future as well as develop new solutions to customer needs. in order to make the sustainable innovation more complete, it is recommended for further researcher, to add a field of study related to market-based and knowledge-based view. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Low Cost Strategy, Differentiation Strategies, Sustainable Innovation, Performance Batik Small and Medium Enterprise

    Sequential Design for Ranking Response Surfaces

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    We propose and analyze sequential design methods for the problem of ranking several response surfaces. Namely, given L2L \ge 2 response surfaces over a continuous input space X\cal X, the aim is to efficiently find the index of the minimal response across the entire X\cal X. The response surfaces are not known and have to be noisily sampled one-at-a-time. This setting is motivated by stochastic control applications and requires joint experimental design both in space and response-index dimensions. To generate sequential design heuristics we investigate stepwise uncertainty reduction approaches, as well as sampling based on posterior classification complexity. We also make connections between our continuous-input formulation and the discrete framework of pure regret in multi-armed bandits. To model the response surfaces we utilize kriging surrogates. Several numerical examples using both synthetic data and an epidemics control problem are provided to illustrate our approach and the efficacy of respective adaptive designs.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures (updated several sections and figures

    An Iterative Scheme for Leverage-based Approximate Aggregation

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    The current data explosion poses great challenges to the approximate aggregation with an efficiency and accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach to calculate the aggregation answers with a high accuracy using only a small portion of the data. We introduce leverages to reflect individual differences in the samples from a statistical perspective. Two kinds of estimators, the leverage-based estimator, and the sketch estimator (a "rough picture" of the aggregation answer), are in constraint relations and iteratively improved according to the actual conditions until their difference is below a threshold. Due to the iteration mechanism and the leverages, our approach achieves a high accuracy. Moreover, some features, such as not requiring recording the sampled data and easy to extend to various execution modes (e.g., the online mode), make our approach well suited to deal with big data. Experiments show that our approach has an extraordinary performance, and when compared with the uniform sampling, our approach can achieve high-quality answers with only 1/3 of the same sample size.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
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