22,345 research outputs found
Defining and measuring displacement: is relocation from restructured neighbourhoods always unwelcome and disruptive?
Current regeneration policy has been described as âstate-led gentrificationâ, with comparisons made with the âsocial disruptionâ caused by slum clearance of the 1950s and 1960s. This article takes issue with this approach in relation to the study of the restructuring of social housing areas. The terms âforced relocationâ and âdisplacementâ are often too crude to describe what actually happens within processes of restructuring and the effects upon residents. Displacement in particular has important dimensions other than the physical one of moving. Evidence from a recent study of people who have moved out of restructured areas shows that although there is some evidence of physical displacement, there is little evidence of social or psychosocial displacement after relocation. Prior attitudes to moving and aspects of the process of relocationâthe degree of choice and distance involvedâare important moderators of the outcomes. Issues of time and context are insufficiently taken into consideration in studies and accounts of restructuring, relocation and displacement
Bayesian nonparametric multivariate convex regression
In many applications, such as economics, operations research and
reinforcement learning, one often needs to estimate a multivariate regression
function f subject to a convexity constraint. For example, in sequential
decision processes the value of a state under optimal subsequent decisions may
be known to be convex or concave. We propose a new Bayesian nonparametric
multivariate approach based on characterizing the unknown regression function
as the max of a random collection of unknown hyperplanes. This specification
induces a prior with large support in a Kullback-Leibler sense on the space of
convex functions, while also leading to strong posterior consistency. Although
we assume that f is defined over R^p, we show that this model has a convergence
rate of log(n)^{-1} n^{-1/(d+2)} under the empirical L2 norm when f actually
maps a d dimensional linear subspace to R. We design an efficient reversible
jump MCMC algorithm for posterior computation and demonstrate the methods
through application to value function approximation
Conclusions
Publication within the project âThe V4 towards migration challenges in Europe. An analysis and recommendationsâ is financed by Visegrad Fund
Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block: Incrementalism and National Climate Change Legislation
This Article examines the effects of incremental domestic legislation on international negotiations to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Mitigating the effects of climate change is a global public good, which, ultimately, only an international agreement can provide. The common presumption (justified or not) is that national legislation is a step forward to an international agreement. This Article analyzes how national legislation can create a demand for international action but can also preempt or frustrate international efforts. The crucial issue, which has been largely ignored thus far, is how incremental steps at the domestic level alter international negotiations. This paper identifies four mechanisms that support the intuitive idea that national legislation will have positive effects: (1) allocating economic resources, (2) providing leadership in international negotiations, (3) creating a demand for a uniform standard, and (4) cultivating public opinion. This Article demonstrates that, on closer examination, each of these mechanisms could hinder international efforts to create a comprehensive agreement. This is by no means an argument against all efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions at the national level. Instead, this Article calls for a more careful analysis the dynamic political impact of domestic proposals
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