113,694 research outputs found
A new interpretation for null values in the weak instance model
AbstractA new definition of the weak instance model for relational databases is presented, which does not consider the missing values as existent though unknown, but just assumes that no information is available about them. It is possible to associate with the new definition logical theories that do not contain existentially quantified variables. The new model enjoys various desirable properties of the classic weak instance model, with respect to dependency satisfaction, query answering, and associated logical theories
Answer Sets for Consistent Query Answering in Inconsistent Databases
A relational database is inconsistent if it does not satisfy a given set of
integrity constraints. Nevertheless, it is likely that most of the data in it
is consistent with the constraints. In this paper we apply logic programming
based on answer sets to the problem of retrieving consistent information from a
possibly inconsistent database. Since consistent information persists from the
original database to every of its minimal repairs, the approach is based on a
specification of database repairs using disjunctive logic programs with
exceptions, whose answer set semantics can be represented and computed by
systems that implement stable model semantics. These programs allow us to
declare persistence by defaults and repairing changes by exceptions. We
concentrate mainly on logic programs for binary integrity constraints, among
which we find most of the integrity constraints found in practice.Comment: 34 page
Existential witness extraction in classical realizability and via a negative translation
We show how to extract existential witnesses from classical proofs using
Krivine's classical realizability---where classical proofs are interpreted as
lambda-terms with the call/cc control operator. We first recall the basic
framework of classical realizability (in classical second-order arithmetic) and
show how to extend it with primitive numerals for faster computations. Then we
show how to perform witness extraction in this framework, by discussing several
techniques depending on the shape of the existential formula. In particular, we
show that in the Sigma01-case, Krivine's witness extraction method reduces to
Friedman's through a well-suited negative translation to intuitionistic
second-order arithmetic. Finally we discuss the advantages of using call/cc
rather than a negative translation, especially from the point of view of an
implementation.Comment: 52 pages. Accepted in Logical Methods for Computer Science (LMCS),
201
Dualities Compositeness and Spacetime Structure of 4d Extreme Stringy Black Holes
We study the BPS black hole solutions of the (truncated) action for heterotic
string theory compactified on a six-torus. The O(3,Z) duality symmetry of the
theory, together with the bound state interpretation of extreme black holes, is
used to generate the whole spectrum of the solutions. The corresponding
spacetime structures, written in terms of the string metric, are analyzed in
detail. In particular, we show that only the elementary solutions present naked
singularities. The bound states have either null singularities (electric
solutions) or are regular (magnetic or dyonic solutions) with near-horizon
geometries given by the product of two 2d spaces of constant curvature. The
behavior of some of these solutions as supersymmetric attractors is discussed.
We also show that our approach is very useful to understand some of the
puzzling features of charged black hole solutions in string theory.Comment: 17 pages, LaTex, no figure
Bayesian analysis of multiple direct detection experiments
Bayesian methods offer a coherent and efficient framework for implementing
uncertainties into induction problems. In this article, we review how this
approach applies to the analysis of dark matter direct detection experiments.
In particular we discuss the exclusion limit of XENON100 and the debated hints
of detection under the hypothesis of a WIMP signal. Within parameter inference,
marginalizing consistently over uncertainties to extract robust posterior
probability distributions, we find that the claimed tension between XENON100
and the other experiments can be partially alleviated in isospin violating
scenario, while elastic scattering model appears to be compatible with the
frequentist statistical approach. We then move to model comparison, for which
Bayesian methods are particularly well suited. Firstly, we investigate the
annual modulation seen in CoGeNT data, finding that there is weak evidence for
a modulation. Modulation models due to other physics compare unfavorably with
the WIMP models, paying the price for their excessive complexity. Secondly, we
confront several coherent scattering models to determine the current best
physical scenario compatible with the experimental hints. We find that
exothermic and inelastic dark matter are moderatly disfavored against the
elastic scenario, while the isospin violating model has a similar evidence.
Lastly the Bayes' factor gives inconclusive evidence for an incompatibility
between the data sets of XENON100 and the hints of detection. The same question
assessed with goodness of fit would indicate a 2 sigma discrepancy. This
suggests that more data are therefore needed to settle this question.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures; invited review for the special issue of the
journal Physics of the Dark Universe; matches the published versio
The Strength of Arcs and Edges in Interaction Networks: Elements of a Model-Based Approach
When analyzing interaction networks, it is common to interpret the amount of
interaction between two nodes as the strength of their relationship. We argue
that this interpretation may not be appropriate, since the interaction between
a pair of nodes could potentially be explained only by characteristics of the
nodes that compose the pair and, however, not by pair-specific features. In
interaction networks, where edges or arcs are count-valued, the above scenario
corresponds to a model of independence for the expected interaction in the
network, and consequently we propose the notions of arc strength, and edge
strength to be understood as departures from this model of independence. We
discuss how our notion of arc/edge strength can be used as a guidance to study
network structure, and in particular we develop a latent arc strength
stochastic blockmodel for directed interaction networks. We illustrate our
approach studying the interaction between the Kolkata users of the myGamma
mobile network.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 4 table
Synchronicity From Synchronized Chaos
The synchronization of loosely coupled chaotic oscillators, a phenomenon
investigated intensively for the last two decades, may realize the
philosophical notion of synchronicity. Effectively unpredictable chaotic
systems, coupled through only a few variables, commonly exhibit a predictable
relationship that can be highly intermittent. We argue that the phenomenon
closely resembles the notion of meaningful synchronicity put forward by Jung
and Pauli if one identifies "meaningfulness" with internal synchronization,
since the latter seems necessary for synchronizability with an external system.
Jungian synchronization of mind and matter is realized if mind is analogized to
a computer model, synchronizing with a sporadically observed system as in
meteorological data assimilation. Internal synchronization provides a recipe
for combining different models of the same objective process, a configuration
that may also describe the functioning of conscious brains. In contrast to
Pauli's view, recent developments suggest a materialist picture of
semi-autonomous mind, existing alongside the observed world, with both
exhibiting a synchronistic order. Basic physical synchronicity is manifest in
the non-local quantum connections implied by Bell's theorem. The quantum world
resides on a generalized synchronization "manifold", a view that provides a
bridge between nonlocal realist interpretations and local realist
interpretations that constrain observer choice .Comment: 1) clarification regarding the connection with philosophical
synchronicity in Section 2 and in the concluding section 2) reference to
Maldacena-Susskind "ER=EPR" relation in discussion of role of wormholes in
entanglement and nonlocality 3) length reduction and stylistic changes
throughou
Dimensionalities of Weak Solutions in Hydrogenic Systems
A close inspection on the 3D hydrogen atom Hamiltonian revealed formal
eigenvectors often discarded in the literature. Although not in its domain,
such eigenvectors belong to the Hilbert space, and so their time evolution is
well defined. They are then related to the 1D and 2D hydrogen atoms and it is
numerically found that they have continuous components, so that ionization can
take place
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