15,491 research outputs found
Data-Oblivious Stream Productivity
We are concerned with demonstrating productivity of specifications of
infinite streams of data, based on orthogonal rewrite rules. In general, this
property is undecidable, but for restricted formats computable sufficient
conditions can be obtained. The usual analysis disregards the identity of data,
thus leading to approaches that we call data-oblivious. We present a method
that is provably optimal among all such data-oblivious approaches. This means
that in order to improve on the algorithm in this paper one has to proceed in a
data-aware fashion
One-Shot Neural Cross-Lingual Transfer for Paradigm Completion
We present a novel cross-lingual transfer method for paradigm completion, the
task of mapping a lemma to its inflected forms, using a neural encoder-decoder
model, the state of the art for the monolingual task. We use labeled data from
a high-resource language to increase performance on a low-resource language. In
experiments on 21 language pairs from four different language families, we
obtain up to 58% higher accuracy than without transfer and show that even
zero-shot and one-shot learning are possible. We further find that the degree
of language relatedness strongly influences the ability to transfer
morphological knowledge.Comment: Accepted at ACL 201
The impact of second language learning on semantic and nonsemantic first language reading
The relationship between orthography (spelling) and phonology
(speech sounds) varies across alphabetic languages. Consequently,
learning to read a second alphabetic language, that uses the same
letters as the first, increases the phonological associations that can
be linked to the same orthographic units. In subjects with English
as their first language, previous functional imaging studies have
reported increased left ventral prefrontal activation for reading
words with spellings that are inconsistent with their orthographic
neighbors (e.g., PINT) compared with words that are consistent
with their orthographic neighbors (e.g., SHIP). Here, using
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 17 Italian--English
and 13 English--Italian bilinguals, we demonstrate that left ventral
prefrontal activation for first language reading increases with
second language vocabulary knowledge. This suggests that
learning a second alphabetic language changes the way that
words are read in the first alphabetic language. Specifically, first
language reading is more reliant on both lexical/semantic and
nonlexical processing when new orthographic to phonological
mappings are introduced by second language learning. Our
observations were in a context that required participants to switch
between languages. They motivate future fMRI studies to test
whether first language reading is also altered in contexts when the
second language is not in use
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