82 research outputs found
An Experimental Investigation of Hyperbolic Routing with a Smart Forwarding Plane in NDN
Routing in NDN networks must scale in terms of forwarding table size and
routing protocol overhead. Hyperbolic routing (HR) presents a potential
solution to address the routing scalability problem, because it does not use
traditional forwarding tables or exchange routing updates upon changes in
network topologies. Although HR has the drawbacks of producing sub-optimal
routes or local minima for some destinations, these issues can be mitigated by
NDN's intelligent data forwarding plane. However, HR's viability still depends
on both the quality of the routes HR provides and the overhead incurred at the
forwarding plane due to HR's sub-optimal behavior. We designed a new forwarding
strategy called Adaptive Smoothed RTT-based Forwarding (ASF) to mitigate HR's
sub-optimal path selection. This paper describes our experimental investigation
into the packet delivery delay and overhead under HR as compared with
Named-Data Link State Routing (NLSR), which calculates shortest paths. We run
emulation experiments using various topologies with different failure
scenarios, probing intervals, and maximum number of next hops for a name
prefix. Our results show that HR's delay stretch has a median close to 1 and a
95th-percentile around or below 2, which does not grow with the network size.
HR's message overhead in dynamic topologies is nearly independent of the
network size, while NLSR's overhead grows polynomially at least. These results
suggest that HR offers a more scalable routing solution with little impact on
the optimality of routing paths
Named Data Networking in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: State-of-the-Art and Challenges
International audienceInformation-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as one of the future Internet architectures. It is poised to address the challenges faced by today's Internet that include, but not limited to, scalability, addressing, security, and privacy. Furthermore, it also aims at meeting the requirements for new emerging Internet applications. To realize ICN, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the recent implementations of ICN that provides a suitable communication approach due to its clean slate design and simple communication model. There are a plethora of applications realized through ICN in different domains where data is the focal point of communication. One such domain is Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) realized through Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) where vehicles exchange information and content with each other and with the infrastructure. To date, excellent research results have been yielded in the VANET domain aiming at safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience. However, due to the dynamic topologies, host-centric model, and ephemeral nature of vehicular communication, various challenges are faced by VANET that hinder the realization of successful vehicular networks and adversely affect the data dissemination, content delivery, and user experiences. To fill these gaps, NDN has been extensively used as underlying communication paradigm for VANET. Inspired by the extensive research results in NDN-based VANET, in this paper, we provide a detailed and systematic review of NDN-driven VANET. More precisely, we investigate the role of NDN in VANET and discuss the feasibility of NDN architecture in VANET environment. Subsequently, we cover in detail, NDN-based naming, routing and forwarding, caching, mobility, and security mechanism for VANET. Furthermore, we discuss the existing standards, solutions, and simulation tools used in NDN-based VANET. Finally, we also identify open challenges and issues faced by NDN-driven VANET and highlight future research directions that should be addressed by the research community
Opportunistic off-path content discovery in information-centric networks
Recent research in Information-Centric Networks has considered various approaches for discovering content in the cache-enabled nodes of the network. Such approaches include scoped flooding and deploying a control plane protocol to disseminate the cache contents in the network, to name a few. In this work, we consider an opportunistic approach that uses trails left behind by data packets from the content origin to the sources in order to discover off-path cached content. We evaluate our approach using an ISP topology for various system parameters. We propose two new forwarding strategies built on top of our approach. Our results indicate that the opportunistic discovery mechanism can significantly increase cache hit rate compared to NDN's default forwarding strategy, while limiting the overhead at acceptable levels
PiCasso: enabling information-centric multi-tenancy at the edge of community mesh networks
© 2019 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Edge computing is radically shaping the way Internet services are run by enabling computations to be available close to the users - thus mitigating the latency and performance challenges faced in today’s Internet infrastructure. Emerging markets, rural and remote communities are further away from the cloud and edge computing has indeed become an essential panacea. Many solutions have been recently proposed to facilitate efficient service delivery in edge data centers. However, we argue that those solutions cannot fully support the operations in Community Mesh Networks (CMNs) since the network connection may be less reliable and exhibit variable performance. In this paper, we propose to leverage lightweight virtualisation, Information-Centric Networking (ICN), and service deployment algorithms to overcome these limitations. The proposal is implemented in the PiCasso system, which utilises in-network caching and name based routing of ICN, combined with our HANET (HArdware and NETwork Resources) service deployment heuristic, to optimise the forwarding path of service delivery in a network zone. We analyse the data collected from the Guifi.net Sants network zone, to develop a smart heuristic for the service deployment in that zone. Through a real deployment in Guifi.net, we show that HANET improves the response time up to 53% and 28.7% for stateless and stateful services respectively. PiCasso achieves 43% traffic reduction on service delivery in our real deployment, compared to the traditional host-centric communication. The overall effect of our ICN platform is that most content and service delivery requests can be satisfied very close to the client device, many times just one hop away, decoupling QoS from intra-network traffic and origin server load.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Conhecimento da mobilidade do consumidor em redes centradas em informação
Mobile data traffic is expanding significantly since the surge and evolution of wireless
communication technologies, leading to the design and implementation of
different types of mobile networks.
Information Centric Network paradigms have been pointed as an alternative to
bypass the restrictions imposed by the traditional IP Networks, such as the one
imposed by the mobility of its users. Despite their potential advantages regarding
mobile wireless environments, several significant research challenges remain to be
addressed, more specifically the communication damage due to handover, causing
loss of packets.
The scope of this dissertation is the development of NDN-based mechanisms with
support for Consumer mobility in two different communication approaches: single
content request and publish-subscribe. The proposed schemes address a remote
mobility predictor entity, whose purpose is to monitor and anticipate trajectories,
while compelling the infrastructure to adjust to the new paths, resulting in an
efficient way to manage the consumers’ mobility with the purpose of attaining a
better quality of service to users.
The implementation and evaluation of the proposed schemes were performed using
ndnSIM, through functional and non-functional scenarios. The latter uses
real traces of urban mobility and connectivity. The obtained results show that
the proposed solution far surpasses the native NDN workflow and the traditional
publish-subscribe solutions with respect to content delivery ratio and network overhead.O tráfego de dados móveis tem vindo a crescer significativamente, sobretudo devido
à evolução das tecnologias de comunicação sem fios, o que tem vindo a implicar o
desenho e implementação de novos e diferentes tipos de redes móveis.
Os paradigmas de redes centradas em informação têm sido apontados como uma
alternativa para contornar as restrições impostas pelas redes tradicionais IP, nomeadamente
a mobilidade dos seus utilizadores. Apesar das potenciais vantagens em
relação aos ambientes móveis sem fios, vários desafios de investigação ainda necessitam
de ser resolvidos, mais especificamente aqueles relacionados com o processo
de handover dos seus utilizadores móveis, levando por vezes à perda de informação.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de suporte à
mobilidade do Consumidor para redes ICN, utilizando duas abordagens distintas de
comunicação: solicitação única de conteúdo e o modelo publish − subscribe. Os
esquemas propostos exploram uma entidade remota de previsão de mobilidade, cujo
objetivo é monitorizar e antecipar eventuais trajetórias de posição dos utilizadores
móveis, obrigando a infraestrutura a ajustar-se aos novos caminhos do consumidor,
resultando numa forma eficiente de gestão de mobilidade dos utilizadores com o
objetivo de garantir uma melhor qualidade de serviço.
A implementação e avaliação dos esquemas propostos foi realizada utilizando o
ndnSIM, em cenários funcionais e não funcionais. Estes últimos utilizam registos
reais de mobilidade e conetividade urbana. Os resultados obtidos mostram
que a solução proposta ultrapassa significativamenta a versão nativa do NDN e as
soluções tradicionais de publish − subscribe, considerando a taxa de entrega de
conteúdos e sobrecarga da rede.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic
Interoperabilidade e mobilidade na internet do futuro
Research on Future Internet has been gaining traction in recent years,
with both evolutionary (e.g., Software Defined Networking (SDN)-
based architectures) and clean-slate network architectures (e.g., Information
Centric Networking (ICN) architectures) being proposed. With
each network architectural proposal aiming to provide better solutions
for specific Internet utilization requirements, an heterogeneous Future
Internet composed by several architectures can be expected, each targeting
and optimizing different use case scenarios. Moreover, the increasing
number of mobile devices, with increasing capabilities and
supporting different connectivity technologies, are changing the patterns
of traffic exchanged in the Internet.
As such, this thesis focuses on the study of interoperability and mobility
in Future Internet architectures, two key requirements that need to be
addressed for the widely adoption of these network architectures. The
first contribution of this thesis is an interoperability framework that,
by enabling resources to be shared among different network architectures,
avoids resources to be restricted to a given network architecture
and, at the same time, promotes the initial roll out of new network
architectures. The second contribution of this thesis consists on the
development of enhancements for SDN-based and ICN network architectures
through IEEE 802.21 mechanisms to facilitate and optimize
the handover procedures on those architectures. The last contribution
of this thesis is the definition of an inter-network architecture mobility
framework that enables MNs to move across access network supporting
different network architectures without losing the reachability to
resources being accessed. All the proposed solutions were evaluated
with results highlighting the feasibility of such solutions and the impact
on the overall communication.A Internet do Futuro tem sido alvo de vários estudos nos últimos anos,
com a proposta de arquitecturas de rede seguindo quer abordagens
evolutionárias (por exemplo, Redes Definidas por Software (SDN))
quer abordagens disruptivas (por exemplo, Redes Centradas na Informação (ICN)). Cada uma destas arquitecturas de rede visa providenciar
melhores soluções relativamente a determinados requisitos de
utilização da Internet e, portanto, uma Internet do Futuro heterogénea
composta por diversas arquitecturas de rede torna-se uma possibilidade,
onde cada uma delas é usada para optimizar diferentes casos
de utilização. Para além disso, o aumento do número de dispositivos
móveis, com especificações acrescidas e com suporte para diferentes
tecnologias de conectividade, está a mudar os padrões do tráfego na
Internet.
Assim, esta tese foca-se no estudo de aspectos de interoperabilidade e
mobilidade em arquitecturas de rede da Internet do Futuro, dois importantes
requisitos que necessitam de ser satisfeitos para que a adopção
destas arquitecturas de rede seja considerada. A primeira contribuição
desta tese é uma solução de interoperabilidade que, uma vez que permite
que recursos possam ser partilhados por diferentes arquitecturas
de rede, evita que os recursos estejam restringidos a uma determinada
arquitectura de rede e, ao mesmo tempo, promove a adopção de novas
arquitecturas de rede. A segunda contribuição desta tese consiste
no desenvolvimento de extensões para arquitecturas de rede baseadas
em SDN ou ICN através dos mecanismos propostos na norma IEEE
802.21 com o objectivo de facilitar e optimizar os processos de mobilidade
nessas arquitecturas de rede. Finalmente, a terceira contribuição
desta tese é a definição de uma solução de mobilidade envolvendo diferentes
arquitecturas de rede que permite a mobilidade de dispositivos
móveis entre redes de acesso que suportam diferentes arquitecturas de
rede sem que estes percam o acesso aos recursos que estão a ser acedidos.
Todas as soluções propostas foram avaliadas com os resultados
a demonstrar a viabilidade de cada uma das soluções e o impacto que
têm na comunicação.Programa Doutoral em Informátic
Encaminhamento baseado no contexto em ICNs móveis
Over the last couple of decades, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have
been at the forefront of research, yet still are afflicted by high network
fragmentation, due to their continuous node mobility and geographical
dispersion. To address these concerns, a new paradigm was proposed -
Information-Centric Networks(ICN), whose focus is the delivery of Content
based on names, being ideal to attend to high latency environments. However,
the main proposed solutions for content delivery in ICNs do not take
into account the type of content nor the various available communication
interfaces in each point of the network, a factor which can be deciding in
mobile networks.
The scope of this dissertation lies on the use of ICNs concepts for the delivery
of both urgent and non-urgent information in urban mobile environments.
In order to do so, a context-based forwarding strategy was proposed, with
a very clear goal: to take advantage of both packet names and Data, and
node's neighborhood analysis in order to successfully deliver content into
the network in the shortest period of time, and without worsening network
congestion.
The design, implementation and validation of the proposed strategy was
performed using the ndnSIM platform simulator along with real mobility
traces from communication infrastructure of the Porto city.
The results show that the proposed context-based forwarding strategy for
mobile ICN presents a clear improvement in performance in terms of delivery,
while maintaining network overhead at a constant. Furthermore, by
means of better pathing and through cooperation with caching mechanisms,
lower transmission delays can be attained.Nas últimas décadas, as redes veiculares ad hoc (VANETs) estiveram na vanguarda
da pesquisa, mas continuam a ser afetadas por alta fragmentação na rede, devido à mobilidade contínua dos nós e a sua dispersão geográfica.
Para abordar estes problemas, um novo paradigma foi proposto - Redes Centradas
na Informação (ICN), cujo foco é a entrega de Conteúdo com base em
nomes, sendo ideal para atender ambientes de alta latência. No entanto,
as principais soluções propostas para entrega de conteúdo em ICNs não
têm em conta o tipo de conteúdo nem as várias interfaces de comunicação
disponíveis em cada ponto da rede, fator que pode ser determinante em
redes móveis.
O objetivo desta dissertação reside no uso dos conceitos de ICNs para a
entrega de informações urgentes e não urgentes em ambientes móveis urbanos.
Para isso, foi proposta uma estratégia de encaminhamento baseada
em contexto, com um objetivo muito claro: tirar proveito do nome e dados
dos pacotes, e da análise de vizinhança dos nós, com vista em fornecer com
êxito o conteúdo para a rede no menor período de tempo e sem piorar o
congestionamento da rede.
O desenho, implementação e validação da estratégia proposta foram realizados
usando o simulador ndnSIM, juntamente com traces reais de mobilidade
da infraestrutura de comunicação da cidade do Porto.
Os resultados mostram que a estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em
contexto proposta para o ICN móvel apresenta uma clara melhoria no desempenho
em termos de entrega, mantendo a carga da rede constante. Além
disso, através da escolha de melhores caminhos e através da cooperação
com mecanismos de armazenamento em cache, é possível alcançar atrasos
de transmissão mais baixos.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic
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