DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN TOUS SUPER HÉROS COMIC BY JEAN-CHRISTOPHE CAMUS, LILIAN THURAM AND BENJAMIN CHAUD

The objective of this study is to understand comprehensively the directive speech acts contained in the comic Tous Super-Héros by Jean-Christophe Camus, Lilian Thuram and Benjamin Chaud which includes forms, meanings and functions. The data analysed were dialogues between the characters in the Tous Super-Héros comic that were found in the dialogue balloon. The data, hereafter processed through a content analysis method with a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach used here is an approach that investigates a social phenomenon and human problems which the data collected consists of words (or text) from the expressions between speakers and interlocutors in the dialogue. Analysis of the findings shows that literal direct speech acts as a form of directive speech act has the highest intensity of 65.12%, the context of commands and warnings as the meaning of directive speech acts has the highest intensity of 20.93%, and advisories as a directive speech act function has the highest intensity of 24.41% . The findings in this study have implications for general French language insights, and for understanding the social and cultural of French expressions

Exploring the Comprehension Process of Nonliteral Utterances and Some Implications for Automaticity

THE ISSUE of the comprehension process of Ll indirect speech acts has long been debated among philosophers, linguists, and psychologists (cf. Levinson, 1983; Bach & Hamish, 1979). Specifically, their debates have been centering on the role of literal sentence meaning in processing indirect speech acts performed in native languages: is the intended illocutionary force of the indirect speech act identified indirectly from its literal sentence meaning or directly from the locution without interpreting its literal meaning first? An attempt has also been made to explicate the role of literal meaning in comprehending idioms and metaphors in native language situations both theoretically and empirically (cf. Gibbs, 1980, 1982, 1986; Ortony et al., 1978; Swinney & Cutler, 1979; and others). Here, a question arises as to how the same issue has been treated in the area of comprehension of L2 nonliteral utterances. Are L2 learners comprehending nonliteral utterances made in their target language in the same manner as native speakers? Are L2 learners computing the literal sentence meaning in comprehending L2 nonliteral utterances? In this paper, an attempt will be made, first, to review how researchers have been dealing with the ways in which a hearer is said to arrive at his/her interlocutor's intention when the latter is making nonliteral utterances-indirect speech acts, idioms, and a metaphors-in both L1 and L2 situations. Then, in the subsequent section, I will make a further attempt to present a design for a study of comprehension process of L2 nonliteral utterances in order to deepen our understanding in this area

Code-switching and Code Mixing on Vlog: A Sociolinguistics Study

This paper aims for identifying the type of codeswitching and codemixing found on the vlog and recognizing factors causing codeswitching and codemixing. The researchers take data from 14 vlogs of Nurul Taufik themed Jaamiah or Campus. Some steps done in doing the research including listening to the vlog, analysing, and reporting. The result shows that there are 20 data of codeswitching and 52 data of codemixing. All forms of codeswitching belong to extraneous in the form of sentences. Some factors causing code switching are including speakers, interlocutors, the presence of a third person and changes in the topic of discussion. In addition, the form of code mixing is extraneous codes in the form of words, phrases, baster, repetition of words, expressions, and clauses. The cause of codemixing is the speaker's desire to get the “right” expression, and the habits and relaxedness of the speech act participants in communicating

Analysing Afrikaans-English bilingual children's conversational code switching

It has been observed that children mix languages more often if they have been exposed to mixed speech, especially if they are in bilingual company. Very little research, however, exists on the code switching (CS) of children brought up in multilingual contexts. The study discussed in this paper investigates the grammatical and socio-pragmatic characteristics of the conversational CS of three Afrikaans-English bilingual children and aims to contribute towards a better understanding of child CS. The study was conducted through the analysis of spontaneous conversational CS elicited during multiple play sessions. Data were analysed within the frameworks of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model and Conversation Analysis (CA). The study accounts for the different types of CS that occur, and examines which grammatical and/or socio-pragmatic difficulties may drive children to use specific types of CS, while also considering whether the context of an utterance has an influence on how and why CS takes place.Keywords: code switching; child bilingual; Matrix Language Frame model; Conversation Analysi

Function of intonation in task-oriented dialogue

This thesis addresses the question of how intonation functions in conversation. It examines the intonation and discourse function of single-word utterances in spontaneous and read-aloud task-oriented dialogue (HCRC Map Task Corpus containing Scottish English; see Anderson et al., 1991). To avoid some of the pitfalls of previous studies in which such comparisons of intonation and discourse structure tend to lack balance and focus more heavily on one analysis at the expense of the other, it employs independently developed analyses. They are the Conversational Games Analysis (as introduced in Kowtko, Isard and Doherty, 1992) and a simple target level representation of intonation. Correlations between categories of intonation and of discourse function in spontaneous dialogue suggest that intonation reflects the function of an utterance. Contrary to what one might expect from reading the literature, these categories are in some cases categories of exclusion rather than inclusion. Similar patterns result from the study of read-aloud dialogue. Discourse function and intonation categories show a measure of correlation. One difference that does appear between patterns across speech modes is that in many instances of discourse function intonation categories shift toward tunes ending low in the speaker's pitch range (e. g. a falling tune) for the read-aloud version. This result is in accord with other contemporary studies (e. g. Blaauw, 1995). The difference between spontaneous and read results suggests that read-aloud dialogue - even that based on scripts which include hesitations and false starts - is not a substitute for eliciting the same intonation strategies that are found in spontaneous dialogue

ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE OF SLANG WORDS IN "RAMPAGE" 2018 MOVIE

Slang words can contain particular meanings that cannot be interpreted directly. To know and understand the meaning behind the utterances, EFL learners can employ illocutionary force by analyzing the native speakers' daily communication of slang words. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the types of slang words and the illocutionary force behind the utterances in the Rampage movie. The data were collected from the movie transcript and analyzed using document analysis to explore the types of slang words and the illocutionary force. The analysis results revealed that all types of slang words were discovered in the movie, and the most used type was imitative, which occurred 14 times. The illocutionary force that underlined the characters implementing the slang words was to show that the speakers have higher status than the interlocutor, understand what they need to do in certain situations, ask other people to do something, want to show their psychological state, and they want to give a promise. The results of this study would enrich EFL learners' knowledge of slang words in particular and their vocabulary items in general

THE EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACT USED BY ANIES RASYID BASWEDAN AND RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN AS THE REACTION OF THE ATTACKS IN CHRISTCHURCH NEW ZEALAND

This study attempts to compare between Anies Rasyid Baswedan and Recep Tayyip Erdogan in terms of speech act as their reaction of the attacks in Christchurch New Zealand particularly: a) the kinds of expressive speech act used; b) the intended meaning of expressive speech act; and c) the personality differences between them seen the use of speech act. The qualitative method was used to fulfil the three objectives of the study. The data was collected from document that was taken from the utterances used by the two public figures. It was transcribed and then analysed descriptively. The results show that the speakers used three kinds of expressive speech acts, namely: condoling, deploring, and lamenting. Condoling is an expressive speech acts were mostly used to communicate by the speakers. The intended meaning of expressive speech act used by the speakers are determined by interpreting and determining what speakers means in the context. In addition, the personality characters of Anies Rasyid Baswedan are kind, clever, and soft, whereas, the personality characters of Recep Tayyip Erdogan are courageous, influential person, and clever

Politeness Strategy in Commissive Speech Acts

Understanding comissive speech acts is important in oral or written communication because humans are often facing problems in communicating using language. So, someone can take action under the meaning, intention, and purpose of their utterance.  In every speech act, not only the context, but also the utterance cannot be separated from the use of verbal utterance. This study specifically aims to describe and explain about politeness in commissive speech acts in a variety of speech situations. The research method used is the descriptive analysis method. The data in this study are the form of utterances contain in the conversation of film. The results of this study are founds 4 (four) types of commissive speech acts, they are: promise, swear, pledge (berniat), and vow (bernadar). While the politeness strategies in commissive speech acts include: (i) Cost-Benefit Scale found in promise, (ii) Optionally Scale in swear and pledge, (iii) Indirectness Scale found in promise, swear, and vow, (iv) Authority Scale found in swear that, (v) Social Distance Scale found in pledge