A neural system for faithful color reproduction in industrial printing processes

Printing is a widespread industrial process. Manufacturers of colored products are expected to maintain high levels of color quality to perfectly satisfy the customers’ requirements. The rendering of colors is visually checked by experienced workers, who may though show different color sensitiveness, depending, e.g., on perceptual, cognitive and cultural aspects. This often results in products that fail to faithfully reproduce what the customer asked for, with negative consequences for companies, as well as huge financial losses. This paper describes a neural network-based system to objectively check how faithfully colors are reproduced by an industrial printing process. The system considers a master color, then compares it to a copy, and returns an objective degree of color fidelity of the copy to the master. The neural system was trained and tested in a real-world case study by using a huge quantity of color pairs taken from the L*a*b* color space. Highly accurate results were achieved. The strengths of the system are that it can measure the difference of colors in a way that is incredibly close to that perceived by the human eye, and the fact that it can do that canceling the color distortion phenomena that may occur in the human vision

Accurate Colour Reproduction of Human Face using 3D Printing Technology

The colour of the face is one of the most significant factors in appearance and perception of an individual. With the rapid development of colour 3D printing technology and 3D imaging acquisition techniques, it is possible to achieve skin colour reproduction with the application of colour management. However, due to the complicated skin structure with uneven and non-uniform surface, it is challenging to obtain accurate skin colour appearance and reproduce it faithfully using 3D colour printers. The aim of this study was to improve the colour reproduction accuracy of the human face using 3D printing technology. A workflow of 3D colour image reproduction was developed, including 3D colour image acquisition, 3D model manipulation, colour management, colour 3D printing, postprocessing and colour reproduction evaluation. Most importantly, the colour characterisation methods for the 3D imaging system and the colour 3D printer were comprehensively investigated for achieving higher accuracy

Accurate and Computational: A review of color reproduction in Full-color 3D printing

As functional 3D printing becomes more popular with industrial manufacturing applications, it is time to start discussing high-fidelity appearance reproduction of 3D objects, particularly in faithful colors. To date, there is only limited research on accurate color reproduction and on universal color reproduction method for different color 3D printing materials. To systematically understand colorization principles and color transmission in color 3D printing, an exhaustive literature review is stated to show the state of the art of color reproduction methods for full-color 3D printing, such as optical parameter modeling, colorimetric difference evaluation, computer aided colorization and voxel droplet jetting. Meanwhile, the challenges in developing an accurate color reproduction framework suitable for different printing materials are fully analyzed in this literature review. In full-color 3D printing, coloring, rendering and acquisition constitute the core issues for accurate color reproduction, and their specific concepts are explained in concrete examples. Finally, the future perspectives of a universal color reproduction framework for accurate full-color 3D printing are discussed, which can overcome the limitations of printing materials, combined with computational boundary contoning

Colour coded

This 300 word publication to be published by the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) is a collection of the best papers from a 4-year European project that has considered colour from the perspective of both the arts and sciences.The notion of art and science and the crossovers between the two resulted in application and funding for cross disciplinary research to host a series of training events between 2006 and 2010 Marie Curie Conferences & Training Courses (SCF) Call Identifier: FP6-Mobility-4, Euros 532,363.80 CREATE – Colour Research for European Advanced Technology Employment. The research crossovers between the fields of art, science and technology was also a subject that was initiated through Bristol’s Festival if Ideas events in May 2009. The author coordinated and chaired an event during which the C.P Snow lecture “On Two Cultures’ (1959) was re-presented by Actor Simon Cook and then a lecture made by Raymond Tallis on the notion of the Polymath. The CREATE project has a worldwide impact for researchers, academics and scientists. Between January and October 2009, the site has received 221, 414 visits. The most popular route into the site is via the welcome page. The main groups of visitors originate in the UK (including Northern Ireland), Italy, France, Finland, Norway, Hungary, USA, Finland and Spain. A basic percentage breakdown of the traffic over ten months indicates: USA -15%; UK - 16%; Italy - 13%; France -12%; Hungary - 10%; Spain - 6%; Finland - 9%; Norway - 5%. The remaining approximate 14% of visitors are from other countries including Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany (approx 3%). A discussion group has been initiated by the author as part of the CREATE project to facilitate an ongoing dialogue between artists and scientists. http://createcolour.ning.com/group/artandscience www.create.uwe.ac.uk.Related papers to this research: A report on the CREATE Italian event: Colour in cultural heritage.C. Parraman, A. Rizzi, ‘Developing the CREATE network in Europe’, in Colour in Art, Design and Nature, Edinburgh, 24 October 2008.C. Parraman, “Mixing and describing colour”. CREATE (Training event 1), France, 2008

An application of integrated 3D technologies for replicas in cultural heritage

In recent decades, 3D acquisition by laser scanning or digital photogrammetry has become one of the standard methods of documenting cultural heritage, because it permits one to analyze the shape, geometry, and location of any artefact without necessarily coming into contact with it. The recording of three-dimensional metrical data of an asset allows one to preserve and monitor, but also to understand and explain the history and cultural heritage shared. In essence, it constitutes a digital archive of the state of an artefact, which can be used for various purposes, be remodeled, or kept safely stored. With the introduction of 3D printing, digital data can once again take on material form and become physical objects from the corresponding mathematical models in a relatively short time and often at low cost. This possibility has led to a different consideration of the concept of virtual data, no longer necessarily linked to simple visual fruition. The importance of creating high-resolution physical copies has been reassessed in light of different types of events that increasingly threaten the protection of cultural heritage. The aim of this research is to analyze the critical issues in the production process of the replicas, focusing on potential problems in data acquisition and processing and on the accuracy of the resulting 3D printing. The metric precision of the printed model with 3D technology are fundamental for everything concerning geomatics and must be related to the same characteristics of the digital model obtained through the survey analysi

New Trends in Development of Services in the Modern Economy

The services sector strategic development unites a multitude of economic and managerial aspects and is one of the most important problems of economic management. Many researches devoted to this industry study are available. Most of them are performed in the traditional aspect of the voluminous calendar approach to strategic management, characteristic of the national scientific school. Such an approach seems archaic, forming false strategic benchmarks. The services sector is of special scientific interest in this context due to the fact that the social production structure to the services development model attraction in many countries suggests transition to postindustrial economy type where the services sector is a system-supporting sector of the economy. Actively influencing the economy, the services sector in the developed countries dominates in the GDP formation, primary capital accumulation, labor, households final consumption and, finally, citizens comfort of living. However, a clear understanding of the services sector as a hyper-sector permeating all spheres of human activity has not yet been fully developed, although interest in this issue continues to grow among many authors. Target of strategic management of the industry development setting requires substantive content and the services sector target value assessment

Bio Mind and Techno Nature in the Performance of Memory: Arts-Based-Research and Human Enhancement

This paper intends to examine two recent projects Enhancing the Mind’s I and Emerging Self that address notions of self-identity, the desire for freedom of form and the greater cognitive capacities promised by neuro-enhancement technologies. It is a bid on critical evaluation of the production of the artworks; departing from an understanding that the observer is not independent of reality and that observation and experience are constructed. Consciousness is considered as resulting from the organism capacities to understand its emotions and interacting context, thus the research explores the possibilities that memory and knowledge do not reflect a real exterior world, but a concrete interior world attempting to play with possibilities to generate affect and empathy in the audiences. The text reflects on the ethical side of Human Enhancement (i.e. the potentiation of biological characteristics of Human Body) and the technologies, such as Brain Computer Interaction (BCI) or digital tattoos (tattoos that have technological interactive properties), promising a refinement of nature by technology. It raises questions surrounding memory and identity through art installation. It explores whether is it possible to translate one’s emotions directly into matter, as a memory. The result is the opening of a critical gap between the way sciences produce knowledge about the subject and the affect produced by the experience of the viewer on the installation artworks

Layered 3D: tomographic image synthesis for attenuation-based light field and high dynamic range displays

We develop tomographic techniques for image synthesis on displays composed of compact volumes of light-attenuating material. Such volumetric attenuators recreate a 4D light field or high-contrast 2D image when illuminated by a uniform backlight. Since arbitrary oblique views may be inconsistent with any single attenuator, iterative tomographic reconstruction minimizes the difference between the emitted and target light fields, subject to physical constraints on attenuation. As multi-layer generalizations of conventional parallax barriers, such displays are shown, both by theory and experiment, to exceed the performance of existing dual-layer architectures. For 3D display, spatial resolution, depth of field, and brightness are increased, compared to parallax barriers. For a plane at a fixed depth, our optimization also allows optimal construction of high dynamic range displays, confirming existing heuristics and providing the first extension to multiple, disjoint layers. We conclude by demonstrating the benefits and limitations of attenuation-based light field displays using an inexpensive fabrication method: separating multiple printed transparencies with acrylic sheets.Dolby Laboratories Inc.Samsung ElectronicsAlfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Computer mediated colour fidelity and communication

Developments in technology have meant that computercontrolled imaging devices are becoming more powerful and more affordable. Despite their increasing prevalence, computer-aided design and desktop publishing software has failed to keep pace, leading to disappointing colour reproduction across different devices. Although there has been a recent drive to incorporate colour management functionality into modern computer systems, in general this is limited in scope and fails to properly consider the way in which colours are perceived. Furthermore, differences in viewing conditions or representation severely impede the communication of colour between groups of users. The approach proposed here is to provide WYSIWYG colour across a range of imaging devices through a combination of existing device characterisation and colour appearance modeling techniques. In addition, to further facilitate colour communication, various common colour notation systems are defined by a series of mathematical mappings. This enables both the implementation of computer-based colour atlases (which have a number of practical advantages over physical specifiers) and also the interrelation of colour represented in hitherto incompatible notations. Together with the proposed solution, details are given of a computer system which has been implemented. The system was used by textile designers for a real task. Prior to undertaking this work, designers were interviewed in order to ascertain where colour played an important role in their work and where it was found to be a problem. A summary of the findings of these interviews together with a survey of existing approaches to the problems of colour fidelity and communication in colour computer systems are also given. As background to this work, the topics of colour science and colour imaging are introduced