Workshop and desk study to appraise technical difficulties associated with organic breeder flocks and organic hatching

BACKGROUND To date, Regulation (EC) 1804/1999 and UKROFS Standards allow conventionally produced day old chicks up to three days of age to be brought into systems of organic table chicken production. Chicks must be reared according to the rules laid down in Regulation (EC) 1804/1999 and according to UKROFS Standards for at least 70 days before the birds may be sold as being organic. The derogation for organic breeder flocks was agreed for a transitional period expiring on 31st December 2003. An extension to the derogation is being discussed at EU level (Article 14 Committee) but, as an interim measure, a new end date has not yet been published in the Official Journal. If chicks are to be produced from breeder flocks in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1804/1999 this may potentially create a number of scientific and technical problems. A series of workshops and a literature review were commissioned by Defra to provide possible solutions to these problems. OBJECTIVES 1. To organise a workshop involving key representatives of Defra, Soil Association, the poultry industry (organic and conventional), feed trade and scientific community and poultry veterinary practitioners in order to identify the important technical problems and limiting factors, and to identify possible solutions. 2. To address some of the perceived technical and scientific problems by means of a review of the scientific literature. 3. To convene a second workshop to review progress and to discuss the findings of the literature review. The second workshop also considered future research needs and mechanisms for technology transfer. The initial workshop identified factors likely to limit the success of organic breeder production, and therefore of organic table chicken production. The priority issues were: the energy balance of breeders on range; supplying protein and amino acids; the future needs for 100% organic feed ingredients, including difficulties in meeting energy and protein requirements from organic sources; assessing the impact of diet on manure nutrient content; and health and disease. IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS, FUTURE WORK AND POLICY RELEVANCE The project addressed Defra’s policy of supporting the development of organic poultry production in the UK. The work identified specific difficulties associated with organic breeding and hatching. Although information collected through consultation and literature review, provide some insight into the technical issues, significant information gaps remain. Requirements for further research were considered by workshop participants, and their recommendations include; 1. Bioenergetics Research into the energy balance of female birds, in particular the effects of feather cover and locomotion, and the time spent outdoors, has a high priority. The provision of outdoor shelter is also worthy of calorimetric investigation. 2. Nutrition Choice feeding may offer an approach address the problems of energy and protein balance, as related to the thermal environment. 3. Monitoring disease status The effects of rearing according to the organic requirements requires monitoring both for bird welfare and public health. 4. Nutrient budgets The monitoring of inputs and outputs in order to calculate plant nutrient budgets is required both on an individual farm and local co-operative basis. This requires data on manure nutrient content. 5. Sex ratios Outdoor systems may require different male:female ratios. 6. Management of slow growing breeder hybrids This has not yet been assessed in UK outdoor systems. Factors to be investigated include target body weights and variations in body weight. Flock performances, labour costs, and optimal flock life are factors requiring further investigation before sound advice, including guideline costings, can be offered to producers

Include 2011 : The role of inclusive design in making social innovation happen.

Include is the biennial conference held at the RCA and hosted by the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design. The event is directed by Jo-Anne Bichard and attracts an international delegation

Pengembangan Dan Implementasi Mobile VCDLN Di Era Transisi Pandemi Dan New Normal Di Indonesia

Abstrak ─ Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh produk penelitian tahun 2020-2021 tentang Mobile VCDLN Flatform yang ingin dipertahankan. Proses pemanfaatan ini membutuhkan sistem baru yang berorientasi pada Multiplatform Super-App Ecosystem pada tahun 2022 dengan fokus meliputi Survey, Desain Aplikasi, Pengembangan dan produksi, yang dampaknya kemudian diukur dengan sejumlah indikator untuk sistem pembelajaran online. Proses pengukuran ini dilakukan terhadap guru dari Indonesia,. Metode yang digunakan adalah R&D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa program Super-app Multiplatform Ecosystem VCDLN sangat direkomendasikan oleh guru untuk dilanjutkan; (b) Perancangan Super-App Multiplatform telah dikembangkan sesuai dengan standar Super App Versi aplikasi untuk kenyamanan aspek visual dengan prosedur pemrograman C++; (c) Menghasilkan Konten Video Pembelajaran menjadi Multiplatform mobile VCDLN Versi Android Mobile telah dilakukan dengan standar industri yang berkualitas; (d) Hasil pengukuran Multiplatform mobile VCDLN berada di atas rata-rata dan mampu mencapai skor maksimal dengan kisaran 178 hingga 199.Kata Kunci ─ Aplikasi Super Multiplatform, VCDLN, Mobile Learning Abstract ─ This research is motivated by the 2020-2021 research product about the Mobile VCDLN Flatform that you want to maintain. This utilization process requires a new system oriented to the Multiplatform Super-App Ecosystem in 2022 with a focus on surveying, application design, development and production, the impact of which is then measured by a number of indicators for online learning systems. This measurement process is carried out on teachers from Indonesia. The method used is R&D. The results of the study indicate that: (a) The survey results indicate that the VCDLN Multiplatform Ecosystem Super-app program is highly recommended by teachers to be continued; (b) The design of the Multiplatform Super-App has been developed according to the Super App standard. The application version for the convenience of the visual aspect with C++ programming procedures; (c) Produce Learning Video Content into Multiplatform mobile VCDLN Android Mobile Version has been carried out with quality industry standards; (d) Multiplatform mobile VCDLN measurement results are above the average and are able to achieve a maximum score in the range of 178 to 199.Key Words ─ Super Multiplatform App, VCDLN, Mobile Learnin

How does Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization change the spatial incidence of poverty?

Trade policies can promote aggregate efficiency, but the ensuing structural adjustments generally create both winners and losers. From an incomes perspective, trade liberalization can raise gross domestic product per capita, but rates of emergence from poverty depend on individual household characteristics of economic participation and asset holding. To fully realize the growth potential of trade, while limiting the risk of rising inequality, policies need to better account for microeconomic heterogeneity. One approach to this is geographic targeting that shifts resources to poor areas. This study combines an integrated microsimulation-computable general equilibrium model with small area estimation to evaluate the spatial incidence of Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization. Provincial-level poverty reduction after full liberalization was heterogeneous, ranging from 2.2 percent to14.3 percent. Full liberalization will benefit the poor on a national basis, but the northwestern area of Vietnam is likely to lag behind. Furthermore, poverty can be shown to increase under comparable scenarios.Rural Poverty Reduction,Population Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Achieving Shared Growth

Towards a People's Social Epidemiology: Envisioning a More Inclusive and Equitable Future for Social Epi Research and Practice in the 21st Century.

Social epidemiology has made critical contributions to understanding population health. However, translation of social epidemiology science into action remains a challenge, raising concerns about the impacts of the field beyond academia. With so much focus on issues related to social position, discrimination, racism, power, and privilege, there has been surprisingly little deliberation about the extent and value of social inclusion and equity within the field itself. Indeed, the challenge of translation/action might be more readily met through re-envisioning the role of the people within the research/practice enterprise-reimagining what "social" could, or even should, mean for the future of the field. A potential path forward rests at the nexus of social epidemiology, community-based participatory research (CBPR), and information and communication technology (ICT). Here, we draw from social epidemiology, CBPR, and ICT literatures to introduce A People's Social Epi-a multi-tiered framework for guiding social epidemiology in becoming more inclusive, equitable, and actionable for 21st century practice. In presenting this framework, we suggest the value of taking participatory, collaborative approaches anchored in CBPR and ICT principles and technological affordances-especially within the context of place-based and environmental research. We believe that such approaches present opportunities to create a social epidemiology that is of, with, and by the people-not simply about them. In this spirit, we suggest 10 ICT tools to "socialize" social epidemiology and outline 10 ways to move towards A People's Social Epi in practice

Co-creators’ experiences and effectiveness of co-created interventions in improving health behaviours of adults with non-communicable diseases: a systematic review protocol

IntroductionImproved health behaviours and help-seeking behaviour reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Compliance with the recommendations of lifestyle changes for the management of NCDs has been challenging, as patients find lifestyle behaviours difficult to change and sustain for a long period of time. Studies have reported that co-created interventions are promising in addressing negative health behaviours, and improving health outcomes in people with NCDs, however, no conclusive evidence exists. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate co-creators’ experiences and the effectiveness of co-created interventions in improving the health behaviours of individuals with NCDs.Methods and analysisThis review will follow the recommendations described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline, and the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement for the synthesis of qualitative data. The following databases: Co-creation Database (https://zenodo.org/record/6773028#.Y9h2sezP1pg), MEDLINE (via OVID), CINAHL (via EBSCO Host), EMBASE (via OVID), PsycINFO (via OVID), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and grey literature will be searched. The identified studies will be independently screened by two reviewers to determine their eligibility. The review will target to include studies that investigated the experiences of co-creators and/or the effectiveness of co-created interventions on the health behaviour and/or health outcomes of adults with NCDs. Two independent reviewers will also appraise the quality of the included studies, as well as data extraction. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise the findings. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis will be conducted for the qualitative and quantitative data respectively. The qualitative and quantitative findings will be integrated using the parallel result convergent synthesis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not applicable because the review will only use data from published studies. The findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, and conference presentations

An approach to increasing awareness of IAQ

This project explores the approach to increasing the awareness of indoor air quality using a literature research to evaluate historical context, critiquing combined contaminants, reviewing fragrances, appraising awareness, resources and government policy, both UK and Worldwide. Two surveys were conducted with local authorities and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Practitioners in order to explore risk perception and awareness within a real world situation. The literature research and project activities raised further discussion points regarding the application of risk management, cost effective modelling, impact of body burden, the increase trend of scent marketing, understanding and influencing society risk perception and evaluation of the leadership of IAQ at local and government levels. This project highlights some key recommendations including the requirement to label products, particularly products like perfume who claim brand protection, to enable the consumer to understand the ingredients and make choices about their purchases; Funding for the development of bio-monitoring and multi-pollutant frameworks to build on existing silo contaminant research and create a harmonised and structured approach in understanding psychological and physiological impact interactions from a mixture of pollutants; And the establishment of an IAQ body to lead and engage stakeholders to deliver effective IAQ models. As a legacy of the project, the first accredited IOSH UK IAQ certificate and website was developed, implemented and appraised. This project is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Professional Studies with an overall programme plan of ‘setting the agenda and raising awareness of IAQ within the UK’

Cocreators' experiences and effectiveness of cocreated interventions in improving health behaviours of adults with non-communicable diseases: a systematic review protocol

INTRODUCTION: Improved health behaviours and help-seeking behaviour reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Compliance with the recommendations of lifestyle changes for the management of NCDs has been challenging, as patients find it difficult to change and sustain lifestyle behaviours for a long period of time. Studies have reported that cocreated interventions are promising in addressing negative health behaviours and improving health outcomes in people with NCDs; however, no conclusive evidence exists. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate cocreators' experiences and the effectiveness of cocreated interventions in improving the health behaviours of individuals with NCDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This review will follow the recommendations described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline and the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement for the synthesis of qualitative data. The following databases: Co-creation Database (https://zenodo.org/record/6773028%23.Y9h2sezP1pg), MEDLINE (via OVID), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (via EBSCO Host), EMBASE (via OVID), PsycINFO (via OVID), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and grey literature will be searched. The identified studies will be independently screened by two reviewers to determine their eligibility. The review will target to include studies that investigated the experiences of cocreators and/or the effectiveness of cocreated interventions on the health behaviour and/or health outcomes of adults with NCDs. Two independent reviewers will also appraise the quality of the included studies, as well as data extraction. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise the findings. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis will be conducted for the qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative findings will be integrated using the parallel result convergent synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not applicable because the review will only use data from the published studies. The findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023391746.</p

Drivers for Suppliers’ Responsiveness in the Government Tendering Process: A Case of the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Department of Public Works in Gatundu, Kiambu County, Kenya

The study aimed at determining the factors affecting suppliers’ responsiveness in the Government tendering process with reference to the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Department of Public Works Gatundu Sub-County. The study focused on the management and activities of the staff as well as suppliers and customers of the department.  The researcher adopted a descriptive research design as there are variables which cannot be quantified but can only be described in descriptive statistics. Through random stratified sampling method the researcher selected 33 respondents out of 105 who constituted the total population of the staff, suppliers and customers in the department and were stratified in to senior level management, middle level management, procurement and stores staff as well as suppliers and customers in the department. Data was collected through administering questionnaires to the respondents. Quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis was used to analyze Data and included the use of SPSS Version 21 data analysis software as well as Microsoft Excel and the findings presented through charts, tables and graphs. The ideas conveyed in this study are in response to the research questions set forth. This study achieved its primary objectives which were: to determine the extent to which order specifications affect Supplier responsiveness in the Government tendering process; to assess the extent to which use of information technology affects Supplier responsiveness in the Government tendering process; to examine the extent to which market price increases affect Supplier responsiveness in the Government tendering process; and to establish the extent to which buyer-supplier relationships affect Supplier responsiveness in the Government tendering process. This result shows that there are relationships existing among the constructs of the study, and it confirms proposed ideas in the first three chapters. Hence, it is concluded with some contributions to the literature. From the findings the study has drawn conclusions and made recommendation on how supplier responsiveness to Government tendering processes can be enhanced. Importance of specifications cannot be over-emphasised. Specifications indicate, fitness for purpose or use; communicate the requirements of a user or purchaser to the supplier; compare what is actually supplied with the requirements in terms of purpose, quality and performance as stated and provide evidence in the event of a dispute, of what the purchaser required and what the supplier agreed to provide. Since the key objective of purchasing is to contribute to the profitability of an undertaking by obtaining the best quality products or services in terms of fitness for use at the least possible total cost. It is therefore higly recommedned that negotiating with suppliers, purchasing staff must know what they are negotiating for because the satisfaction of user requirements depends on obtaining reliable supplier. Findings of the study reveal the importance of Information technology, by way of transforming the way that business is conducted. There is need for purchasing entities to embrace the strategic implications of IT and e-procurement so as to effectively coordinate demand requests, transportation and inventory management organizations should utilize the benefit of strategic supply chain tools such as information technology to lower and make ordering more efficient. Keywords: Suppliers’ responsiveness, Tendering process, Order specifications, Information technology, Market price increases, buyer-supplier relationships