5,157 research outputs found
Spectral analysis for nonstationary audio
A new approach for the analysis of nonstationary signals is proposed, with a
focus on audio applications. Following earlier contributions, nonstationarity
is modeled via stationarity-breaking operators acting on Gaussian stationary
random signals. The focus is on time warping and amplitude modulation, and an
approximate maximum-likelihood approach based on suitable approximations in the
wavelet transform domain is developed. This paper provides theoretical analysis
of the approximations, and introduces JEFAS, a corresponding estimation
algorithm. The latter is tested and validated on synthetic as well as real
audio signal.Comment: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing,
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, In pres
Automatic modulation classification of communication signals
The automatic modulation recognition (AMR) plays an important role in various civilian and military applications. Most of the existing AMR algorithms assume that the input signal is only of analog modulation or is only of digital modulation. In blind environments, however, it is impossible to know in advance if the received communication signal is analogue modulated or digitally modulated. Furthermore, it is noted that the applications of the currently existing AMR algorithms designed for handling both analog and digital communication signals are rather restricted in practice. Motivated by this, an AMR algorithm that is able to discriminate between analog communication signals and digital communication signals is developed in this dissertation. The proposed algorithm is able to recognize the concrete modulation type if the input is an analog communication signal and to estimate the number of modulation levels and the frequency deviation if the input is an exponentially modulated digital communication signal. For linearly modulated digital communication signals, the proposed classifier will classify them into one of several nonoverlapping sets of modulation types. In addition, in M-ary FSK (MFSK) signal classification, two classifiers have also been developed. These two classifiers are also capable of providing good estimate of the frequency deviation of a received MFSK signal.
For further classification of linearly modulated digital communication signals, it is often necessary to blindly equalize the received signal before performing modulation recognition. This doing generally requires knowing the carrier frequency and symbol rate of the input signal. For this purpose, a blind carrier frequency estimation algorithm and a blind symbol rate estimation algorithm have been developed. The carrier frequency estimator is based on the phases of the autocorrelation functions of the received signal. Unlike the cyclic correlation based estimators, it does not require the transmitted symbols being non-circularly distributed. The symbol rate estimator is based on digital communication signals\u27 cyclostationarity related to the symbol rate. In order to adapt to the unknown symbol rate as well as the unknown excess bandwidth, the received signal is first filtered by using a bank of filters. Symbol rate candidates and their associated confident measurements are extracted from the fourth order cyclic moments of the filtered outputs, and the final estimate of symbol rate is made based on weighted majority voting.
A thorough evaluation of some well-known feature based AMR algorithms is also presented in this dissertation
Robust Distributed Estimation over Multiple Access Channels with Constant Modulus Signaling
A distributed estimation scheme where the sensors transmit with constant
modulus signals over a multiple access channel is considered. The proposed
estimator is shown to be strongly consistent for any sensing noise distribution
in the i.i.d. case both for a per-sensor power constraint, and a total power
constraint. When the distributions of the sensing noise are not identical, a
bound on the variances is shown to establish strong consistency. The estimator
is shown to be asymptotically normal with a variance (AsV) that depends on the
characteristic function of the sensing noise. Optimization of the AsV is
considered with respect to a transmission phase parameter for a variety of
noise distributions exhibiting differing levels of impulsive behavior. The
robustness of the estimator to impulsive sensing noise distributions such as
those with positive excess kurtosis, or those that do not have finite moments
is shown. The proposed estimator is favorably compared with the amplify and
forward scheme under an impulsive noise scenario. The effect of fading is shown
to not affect the consistency of the estimator, but to scale the asymptotic
variance by a constant fading penalty depending on the fading statistics.
Simulations corroborate our analytical results.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal
Processing for consideratio
Real space tests of the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the WMAP CMB data
ABRIDGED: We introduce and analyze a method for testing statistical isotropy
and Gaussianity and apply it to the WMAP CMB foreground reduced, temperature
maps, and cross-channel difference maps. We divide the sky into regions of
varying size and shape and measure the first four moments of the one-point
distribution within these regions, and using their simulated spatial
distributions we test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity hypotheses. By
randomly varying orientations of these regions, we sample the underlying CMB
field in a new manner, that offers a richer exploration of the data content,
and avoids possible biasing due to a single choice of sky division. The
statistical significance is assessed via comparison with realistic Monte-Carlo
simulations.
We find the three-year WMAP maps to agree well with the isotropic, Gaussian
random field simulations as probed by regions corresponding to the angular
scales ranging from 6 deg to 30 deg at 68% confidence level. We report a
strong, anomalous (99.8% CL) dipole ``excess'' in the V band of the three-year
WMAP data and also in the V band of the WMAP five-year data (99.3% CL). We
notice the large scale hemispherical power asymmetry, and find that it is not
highly statistically significant in the WMAP three-year data (<~ 97%) at scales
l <= 40. The significance is even smaller if multipoles up to l=1024 are
considered (~90% CL). We give constraints on the amplitude of the
previously-proposed CMB dipole modulation field parameter. We easily detect the
residual foregrounds in cross-band difference maps at rms level <~ 7 \mu K (at
scales >~ 6 deg) and limit the systematical uncertainties to <~ 1.7 \mu K (at
scales >~ 30 deg).Comment: 20 pages, 20 figures; more tests added; updated to match the version
to be published in JCA
Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low energy solar neutrino spectroscopy
Borexino has been running since May 2007 at the LNGS with the primary goal of
detecting solar neutrinos. The detector, a large, unsegmented liquid
scintillator calorimeter characterized by unprecedented low levels of intrinsic
radioactivity, is optimized for the study of the lower energy part of the
spectrum. During the Phase-I (2007-2010) Borexino first detected and then
precisely measured the flux of the 7Be solar neutrinos, ruled out any
significant day-night asymmetry of their interaction rate, made the first
direct observation of the pep neutrinos, and set the tightest upper limit on
the flux of CNO neutrinos. In this paper we discuss the signal signature and
provide a comprehensive description of the backgrounds, quantify their event
rates, describe the methods for their identification, selection or subtraction,
and describe data analysis. Key features are an extensive in situ calibration
program using radioactive sources, the detailed modeling of the detector
response, the ability to define an innermost fiducial volume with extremely low
background via software cuts, and the excellent pulse-shape discrimination
capability of the scintillator that allows particle identification. We report a
measurement of the annual modulation of the 7 Be neutrino interaction rate. The
period, the amplitude, and the phase of the observed modulation are consistent
with the solar origin of these events, and the absence of their annual
modulation is rejected with higher than 99% C.L. The physics implications of
phase-I results in the context of the neutrino oscillation physics and solar
models are presented
Signal and System Design for Wireless Power Transfer : Prototype, Experiment and Validation
A new line of research on communications and signals design for Wireless
Power Transfer (WPT) has recently emerged in the communication literature.
Promising signal strategies to maximize the power transfer efficiency of WPT
rely on (energy) beamforming, waveform, modulation and transmit diversity, and
a combination thereof. To a great extent, the study of those strategies has so
far been limited to theoretical performance analysis. In this paper, we study
the real over-the-air performance of all the aforementioned signal strategies
for WPT. To that end, we have designed, prototyped and experimented an
innovative radiative WPT architecture based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
that can operate in open-loop and closed-loop (with channel acquisition at the
transmitter) modes. The prototype consists of three important blocks, namely
the channel estimator, the signal generator, and the energy harvester. The
experiments have been conducted in a variety of deployments, including
frequency flat and frequency selective channels, under static and mobility
conditions. Experiments highlight that a channeladaptive WPT architecture based
on joint beamforming and waveform design offers significant performance
improvements in harvested DC power over conventional
single-antenna/multiantenna continuous wave systems. The experimental results
fully validate the observations predicted from the theoretical signal designs
and confirm the crucial and beneficial role played by the energy harvester
nonlinearity.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication
Protocols and Resources for New Generation Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Quantum optics has been developing into a promising platform for
future generation
communications protocols. Much of this promise so far has come
from the development
of quantum key distribution (QKD). The majority of the
development of QKD is done
with discrete variables (DV), i.e. qubits with the underlying
system of single photons.
This is one interpretation of an optical field. Alternatively an
optical field can be interpreted
as wave with the continuous variable (CV) observables of phase
and amplitude.
This interpretation comes with the advantage of access to high
efficiency detection at
room temperature and deterministic sources at the cost of
susceptibility to noise in lossy
channels.
This thesis presents an investigation of protocols and resources
for the next generation
of CV QKD protocols with two directions, the development of
quantum state resources
and the development of QKD protocols.This thesis starts with the
details on the on going
development of a low loss squeezed state resource using OPA for
use in future communication
and estimation experiments. So far the OPA has produced 11dB of
squeezing with
13dB predicted with reasonable improvements to losses and
locking. Being able to perform
a Bell test with a CV Bell state is also key for future CV QKD
protocols. Originally
developed for DV systems the Bell test is a fundamental test of
quantum mechanics. Here
the first experimental demonstration of an optical CV bell test
is presented. The experiment
violated a CHSH Bell inequality with jBj = 2:31. This violation
holds promise for
being able to realise new device or source independent CV
protocols.
The second half of this thesis proposes a channel parameter
estimation protocol based
on the method of moments and presents the results of a one side
device independent
CV QKD demonstration based on the family of Gaussian QKD
protocols. The proposed
channel parameter estimation protocol through the use of the
method of moments is able
to use information usually disregarded for estimation of an
adversaries information. The
result does not allow for an increase in range of a fully
optimised protocol but can increase
the key rate by an order of magnitude with high loss channels.
Using a newly found
entroptic uncertainty relation for CV tripartite states a new
security proof was applied to
the family of Gaussian CV QKD protocols. This resulted in the
discovery of six new
protocols with the special property of being one side device
independent. Using the new
security proof three of the protocols were demonstrated with a
positive key rate
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