Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics

[[abstract]]The safety of highly aggregated tourist crowds is a challenging and important issue. This paper not only provided a comprehensive analysis of the accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds but also determined the occurrence mechanism and coping paths. Based on the analysis of multiple cases, we found that the variable status of highly aggregated tourist crowds was the result of the interaction of three main elements: multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses. A series of factors interact and result in accidents, and the lack of a management response or a low-quality management response is the root cause of such accidents. A high-quality management response is a basic safety precaution for highly aggregated tourist crowds. Therefore, forming a virtuous circle of multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses is an effective path for coping with accidents.[[notice]]補正完

INTEROPERABILITY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION IN MARITIME EXTENDED FRAMEWORK

This thesis reports on the most relevant researches performed during the years of the Ph.D. at the Genova University and within the Simulation Team. The researches have been performed according to M&S well known recognized standards. The studies performed on interoperable simulation cover all the environments of the Extended Maritime Framework, namely Sea Surface, Underwater, Air, Coast & Land, Space and Cyber Space. The applications cover both the civil and defence domain. The aim is to demonstrate the potential of M&S applications for the Extended Maritime Framework, applied to innovative unmanned vehicles as well as to traditional assets, human personnel included. A variety of techniques and methodology have been fruitfully applied in the researches, ranging from interoperable simulation, discrete event simulation, stochastic simulation, artificial intelligence, decision support system and even human behaviour modelling

Effects of Transparency and Haze on Trust and Performance During a Full Motion Video Analysis Task

Automation is pervasive across all task domains, but its adoption poses unique challenges within the intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) domain. When users are unable to establish optimal levels of trust in the automation, task accuracy, speed, and automation usage suffer (Chung & Wark, 2016). Degraded visual environments (DVEs) are a particular problem in ISR; however, their specific effects on trust and task performance are still open to investigation (Narayanaswami, Gandhe, & Mehra, 2010). Research suggests that transparency of automation is necessary for users to accurately calibrate trust levels (Lyons et al., 2017). Chen et al. (2014) proposed three levels of transparency, with varying amounts of information provided to the user at each level. Transparency may reduce the negative effects of DVEs on trust and performance, but the optimal level of transparency has not been established (Nicolau & McKnight, 2006). The current study investigated the effects of varying levels of transparency and image haze on task performance and user trust in automation. A new model predicting trust from attention was also proposed. A secondary aim was to investigate the usefulness of task shedding and accuracy as measures of trust. A group of 48 undergraduates attempted to identify explosive emplacement activity within a series of full motion video (FMV) clips, aided by an automated analyst. The experimental setup was intended to replicate Level 5 automation (Sheridan & Verplank, 1978). Reliability of the automated analyst was primed to participants as 78% historical accuracy. For each clip, participants could shed their decision to an automated analyst. Higher transparency of automation predicted significantly higher accuracy, whereas hazy visual stimuli predicted significantly lower accuracy and 2.24 times greater likelihood of task shedding. Trust significantly predicted accuracy, but not task shedding. Participants were fastest in the medium transparency condition. The proposed model of attention was not supported; however, participants’ scanning behavior differed significantly between hazy and zero haze conditions. The study was limited by task complexity due to efforts to replicate real-world conditions, leading to confusion on the part of some participants. Results suggested that transparency of automation is critical, and should include purpose, process, performance, reason, algorithm, and environment information. Additional research is needed to explain task shedding behavior and to investigate the relationship between degrade visual environments, transparency of automation, and trust in automation

Intelligent Transportation Related Complex Systems and Sensors

Building around innovative services related to different modes of transport and traffic management, intelligent transport systems (ITS) are being widely adopted worldwide to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation system. They enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and smarter decisions on the use of transport networks. Current ITSs are complex systems, made up of several components/sub-systems characterized by time-dependent interactions among themselves. Some examples of these transportation-related complex systems include: road traffic sensors, autonomous/automated cars, smart cities, smart sensors, virtual sensors, traffic control systems, smart roads, logistics systems, smart mobility systems, and many others that are emerging from niche areas. The efficient operation of these complex systems requires: i) efficient solutions to the issues of sensors/actuators used to capture and control the physical parameters of these systems, as well as the quality of data collected from these systems; ii) tackling complexities using simulations and analytical modelling techniques; and iii) applying optimization techniques to improve the performance of these systems. It includes twenty-four papers, which cover scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and various other ideas on analytics, trends and applications of transportation-related data

Aquatic Invasions: Causes, Consequences, And Solutions

Invasive species represent a global threat to ecosystems, human health, and the economy. A basic knowledge of invasive species biology is crucial to understand current and future impacts and implications. The purpose of this book is to provide a broad background on invasive species, and also details on specific examples through case studies. The students in the course Aquatic Invasive Species (MAR 442) at the University of New England in Biddeford, Maine, have researched and reviewed scientific literature to educate readers about these issues. The class, comprised of twelve junior and senior Marine Science, Marine Affairs, Applied Mathematics, and Environmental Sciences students, selected the different topics, presented the material, wrote the chapters, and assembled the final versions into this book. This book cannot be all inclusive, but we think this book will provide an excellent broad overview of the most important aspects of Invasive Species Biology and might stimulate the reader to dive deeper into the material.https://dune.une.edu/marinesci_studproj/1002/thumbnail.jp

2012 Abstract Booklet

Complete Schedule of Events for the 14th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium at Minnesota State University, Mankato