316 research outputs found

    A Multi-Agent Proposal for the Resolution of BIBD instances

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    The problem with designing balanced incomplete blocks (BIBD) is enclosed within the combinatorial optimization approach that has been extensively used in experimental design. The present proposal addresses thi problem by using local search techniques known as Hill Climbing, Tabu Search, and an approach based considerable sized the use of Multi-Agents, which allows the exploration of diverse areas of search spaces. Furthermore, the use of a vector vision for the consideration associated with vicinity is presented. The experimental results prove the advantage of this technique compared to other proposals that are reported in the current literature.El problema del diseño de bloques incompletos equilibrados (BIBD) se enmarca dentro del enfoque de optimización combinatoria que ha sido utilizado ampliamente en el diseño de experimentos. La presente propuesta aborda este problema utilizando técnicas de búsqueda local conocidas como Ascenso a la Colina (Hill Climbing), Búsqueda Tabú (Tabu Search) y un enfoque basado en el uso de Multi-Agentes que permiten la exploración de diversas áreas de espacios de búsqueda de tamaño considerable, además se presenta el uso de una visión vectorial para la consideración asociada a la vecindad. Los resultados experimentales evidencian la ventaja de esta técnica frente a otras propuestas mostradas en la literatura actual

    A Comprehensive Review of Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithms Including Applications in Microelectronics and Nanophotonics

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    The application of artificial intelligence in everyday life is becoming all-pervasive and unavoidable. Within that vast field, a special place belongs to biomimetic/bio-inspired algorithms for multiparameter optimization, which find their use in a large number of areas. Novel methods and advances are being published at an accelerated pace. Because of that, in spite of the fact that there are a lot of surveys and reviews in the field, they quickly become dated. Thus, it is of importance to keep pace with the current developments. In this review, we first consider a possible classification of bio-inspired multiparameter optimization methods because papers dedicated to that area are relatively scarce and often contradictory. We proceed by describing in some detail some more prominent approaches, as well as those most recently published. Finally, we consider the use of biomimetic algorithms in two related wide fields, namely microelectronics (including circuit design optimization) and nanophotonics (including inverse design of structures such as photonic crystals, nanoplasmonic configurations and metamaterials). We attempted to keep this broad survey self-contained so it can be of use not only to scholars in the related fields, but also to all those interested in the latest developments in this attractive area

    Reputation

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    In this chapter, the role of reputation as a distributed instrument for social order is addressed. A short review of the state of the art will show the role of reputation in promoting (a) social control in cooperative contexts - like social groups and subgroups - and (b) partner selection in competitive contexts, like (e-) markets and industrial districts. In the initial section, current mechanisms of reputation - be they applied to electronic markets or MAS - will be shown to have poor theoretical backgrounds, missing almost completely the cognitive and social properties of the phenomenon under study. In the rest of the chapter a social cognitive model of reputation developed in the last decade by some of the authors will be presented. Its simulation-based applications to the theoretical study of norm-abiding behaviour, partner selection and to the refinement and improvement of current reputation mechanisms will be discussed. Final remarks and ideas for future research will conclude the chapte

    VLSI Design

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    This book provides some recent advances in design nanometer VLSI chips. The selected topics try to present some open problems and challenges with important topics ranging from design tools, new post-silicon devices, GPU-based parallel computing, emerging 3D integration, and antenna design. The book consists of two parts, with chapters such as: VLSI design for multi-sensor smart systems on a chip, Three-dimensional integrated circuits design for thousand-core processors, Parallel symbolic analysis of large analog circuits on GPU platforms, Algorithms for CAD tools VLSI design, A multilevel memetic algorithm for large SAT-encoded problems, etc

    Delineamento experimental em blocos incompletos : estudo de casos particulares

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    Dissertação de Mestrado em Estatística, Matemática e Computação apresentada à Universidade AbertaO Delineamento Experimental em Blocos Incompletos reveste-se de uma enorme importância uma vez que faz a ponte entre a matemática aplicada e as aplicações da estatística em áreas tão diversas como a agricultura, a medicina, a biometria, a criptografia, a genética, a indústria, as ciências da educação, entre muitas outras. Tem por objetivo principal a obtenção da maior quantidade de informação possível, a partir de uma pesquisa experimental. Para tal, procede-se a uma análise comparativa entre as diferentes variedades ou tratamentos por forma a se poderem controlar as fontes de variação aleatórias através da divisão das unidades experimentais em blocos. Seguidamente, procede-se à síntese de cada um dos capítulos: No primeiro capítulo deste trabalho é feita uma introdução ao delineamento experimental em blocos. É também exposta a motivação para a abordagem desta temática. No segundo capítulo apresenta-se uma introdução histórica ao delineamento experimental em blocos. É também desenvolvido com algum detalhe o estudo dos planos em blocos incompletos equilibrados. No terceiro capítulo procede-se à investigação de casos particulares, nomeadamente dos planos com blocos repetidos, planos com diferentes dimensões e planos com número de réplicas variável, passando de seguida à classificação em famílias dos planos com repetições (BIBDR) - Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with Repeated Blocks (Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados com Repetições). A construção dos (BIBD) - Balanced Incomplete Block Designs com Repetições (BIBDR) é abordada como um Plano Otimal que proporciona facilidade de aplicação prática e se reveste de importância sob o ponto de vista económico, (Foody, W. & Hedayat, A, 1977), (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L. 1984). Foi desenvolvido um programa em Basic para obtenção da lista de parâmetros dos possíveis BIBDR, com dimensão de bloco sete, tendo em conta as condições necessárias de construção dos BIBDR sobre certas restrições. Os planos são classificados atendendo às três famílias de BIBDR, definidas em (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L. 1984). O capítulo quatro explora as ligações existentes entre desenho experimental, matrizes de Hadamard e o risco de perda de dados nos Códigos QR. No capítulo cinco aprofunda-se o estudo dos Códigos QR, explorando diversas aplicações e apresentando exemplos práticos. No capítulo seis expõe-se uma introdução ao software estatístico R (Project for Statistical Computing) e exemplos práticos desenvolvidos neste, tendo por base a temática do delineamento experimental com blocos. O capítulo sete apresenta diversos trabalhos de investigação com abordagens recentes ao delineamento experimental em blocos. Estes trabalhos abrangem temáticas diversas como a medicina, criptografia, ensaios clínicos, Códigos QR entre outros. Neste capítulo, destaca-se um estudo sobre a doença de Parkinson no âmbito dos ensaios clínicos. A aplicação prática presente no capítulo oito mostra a análise de fiabilidade inter-examinador inspirada nesse estudo. Nesta aplicação serão analisados seis neurologistas que examinam dez pacientes com Parkinson. No capítulo nove são sintetizadas algumas considerações finais e apresentadas perspetivas de investigação futura.The Design of Experiments considering incomplete blocks is of great importance since it bridges the gap between Applied Mathematics and Applications of Statistics in diverse areas such as agriculture, medicine, biometrics, encryption, genetics, industry and science education, among many others. The Design of Experiments or Experimental Design has the main objective of obtaining as much information as possible from an experimental study. A comparative analysis of the different varieties or treatments is made, in order to be able to control the random sources of variation by dividing the experimental units in blocks. Subsequently, we will synthesize each one of the chapters: In the first chapter of this paper an introduction to Experimental Design in blocks is presented. It is also exposed the motivation to address this issue. The second chapter presents a historical introduction to Experimental Design in blocks. It is also approached the study of balanced incomplete block designs and respective characteristics. In the third chapter a research of special cases is developed, such as designs with repeated blocks, designs with different dimensions and designs with different number of replicas, followed by the classification in families of BIB designs with repetitions. The construction of BIBD with Repetitions (BIBDR) is carried out using Optimal Designs which provide ease of practical application and is of great importance from the economical point of view, (Foody, W. & Hedayat, A. 1977), (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L.1984). A program in BASIC language has been developed in order to obtain the list parameter of possible BIBDR with seven block size, taking into account certain restrictions. These designs are classified according to the three families of BIBDR defined in (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L.1984). Chapter four explores the links between Experimental Design, Hadamard matrices and the risk of data loss in QR Codes. Chapter five deepens the study of QR Codes, exploring different applications and presenting practical examples. Chapter six presents an introduction to statistical software R (Project for Statistical Computing) and practical examples developed in this, based on the theme of Experimental Design with blocks. The seventh chapter presents recent approaches and applications of Experimental Design considering blocks. These works cover different topics such as medicine, encryption, clinical tests, QR Codes and more. The approach of the previous section on clinical studies highlighted a study of Parkinson's disease. Chapter eight shows a virtual practical application of this, in the analysis of an inter reliability inspired in this study. In this application a design considering six neurologists who examined ten patients with Parkinson's disease will be considered. In chapter nine, some final remarks are summarized and perspectives for future research are presented

    Delineamento experimental em blocos incompletos : estudo de casos particulares

    Get PDF
    Dissertação de Mestrado em Estatística, Matemática e Computação apresentada à Universidade AbertaO Delineamento Experimental em Blocos Incompletos reveste-se de uma enorme importância uma vez que faz a ponte entre a matemática aplicada e as aplicações da estatística em áreas tão diversas como a agricultura, a medicina, a biometria, a criptografia, a genética, a indústria, as ciências da educação, entre muitas outras. Tem por objetivo principal a obtenção da maior quantidade de informação possível, a partir de uma pesquisa experimental. Para tal, procede-se a uma análise comparativa entre as diferentes variedades ou tratamentos por forma a se poderem controlar as fontes de variação aleatórias através da divisão das unidades experimentais em blocos. Seguidamente, procede-se à síntese de cada um dos capítulos: No primeiro capítulo deste trabalho é feita uma introdução ao delineamento experimental em blocos. É também exposta a motivação para a abordagem desta temática. No segundo capítulo apresenta-se uma introdução histórica ao delineamento experimental em blocos. É também desenvolvido com algum detalhe o estudo dos planos em blocos incompletos equilibrados. No terceiro capítulo procede-se à investigação de casos particulares, nomeadamente dos planos com blocos repetidos, planos com diferentes dimensões e planos com número de réplicas variável, passando de seguida à classificação em famílias dos planos com repetições (BIBDR) - Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with Repeated Blocks (Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados com Repetições). A construção dos (BIBD) - Balanced Incomplete Block Designs com Repetições (BIBDR) é abordada como um Plano Otimal que proporciona facilidade de aplicação prática e se reveste de importância sob o ponto de vista económico, (Foody, W. & Hedayat, A, 1977), (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L. 1984). Foi desenvolvido um programa em Basic para obtenção da lista de parâmetros dos possíveis BIBDR, com dimensão de bloco sete, tendo em conta as condições necessárias de construção dos BIBDR sobre certas restrições. Os planos são classificados atendendo às três famílias de BIBDR, definidas em (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L. 1984). O capítulo quatro explora as ligações existentes entre desenho experimental, matrizes de Hadamard e o risco de perda de dados nos Códigos QR. No capítulo cinco aprofunda-se o estudo dos Códigos QR, explorando diversas aplicações e apresentando exemplos práticos. No capítulo seis expõe-se uma introdução ao software estatístico R (Project for Statistical Computing) e exemplos práticos desenvolvidos neste, tendo por base a temática do delineamento experimental com blocos. O capítulo sete apresenta diversos trabalhos de investigação com abordagens recentes ao delineamento experimental em blocos. Estes trabalhos abrangem temáticas diversas como a medicina, criptografia, ensaios clínicos, Códigos QR entre outros. Neste capítulo, destaca-se um estudo sobre a doença de Parkinson no âmbito dos ensaios clínicos. A aplicação prática presente no capítulo oito mostra a análise de fiabilidade inter-examinador inspirada nesse estudo. Nesta aplicação serão analisados seis neurologistas que examinam dez pacientes com Parkinson. No capítulo nove são sintetizadas algumas considerações finais e apresentadas perspetivas de investigação futura.The Design of Experiments considering incomplete blocks is of great importance since it bridges the gap between Applied Mathematics and Applications of Statistics in diverse areas such as agriculture, medicine, biometrics, encryption, genetics, industry and science education, among many others. The Design of Experiments or Experimental Design has the main objective of obtaining as much information as possible from an experimental study. A comparative analysis of the different varieties or treatments is made, in order to be able to control the random sources of variation by dividing the experimental units in blocks. Subsequently, we will synthesize each one of the chapters: In the first chapter of this paper an introduction to Experimental Design in blocks is presented. It is also exposed the motivation to address this issue. The second chapter presents a historical introduction to Experimental Design in blocks. It is also approached the study of balanced incomplete block designs and respective characteristics. In the third chapter a research of special cases is developed, such as designs with repeated blocks, designs with different dimensions and designs with different number of replicas, followed by the classification in families of BIB designs with repetitions. The construction of BIBD with Repetitions (BIBDR) is carried out using Optimal Designs which provide ease of practical application and is of great importance from the economical point of view, (Foody, W. & Hedayat, A. 1977), (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L.1984). A program in BASIC language has been developed in order to obtain the list parameter of possible BIBDR with seven block size, taking into account certain restrictions. These designs are classified according to the three families of BIBDR defined in (Hedayat, A. S. & Hwang, H. L.1984). Chapter four explores the links between Experimental Design, Hadamard matrices and the risk of data loss in QR Codes. Chapter five deepens the study of QR Codes, exploring different applications and presenting practical examples. Chapter six presents an introduction to statistical software R (Project for Statistical Computing) and practical examples developed in this, based on the theme of Experimental Design with blocks. The seventh chapter presents recent approaches and applications of Experimental Design considering blocks. These works cover different topics such as medicine, encryption, clinical tests, QR Codes and more. The approach of the previous section on clinical studies highlighted a study of Parkinson's disease. Chapter eight shows a virtual practical application of this, in the analysis of an inter reliability inspired in this study. In this application a design considering six neurologists who examined ten patients with Parkinson's disease will be considered. In chapter nine, some final remarks are summarized and perspectives for future research are presented

    Design Thinking as Heterogeneous Engineering: Emerging Design Methods in Meme Warfare

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    The shift of production of material artefacts to digital and online making has been greatly disruptive to material culture. Design has typically concerned itself with studying material cultures in order to develop a better understanding of the ways people go about shaping the world around them. This thesis contributes to this space by looking at an emerging form of artefact generation in digital and online making, namely, visual communication design in online information warfare. Developing understanding of participation in this space reveals possible trajectory of working with material culture as it increasingly becomes digital and online. Marshall McLuhan wrote in 1970 that “World War 3 is a guerrilla information war with no division between military and civilian participation” (p. 66), anticipating ubiquitous symmetrical capacity of users as both producers and consumers of information through communication technology. This space has emerged as our digital and online environment, and prominent in this environment are images with characteristics of visual communication design. It appears that the trajectory of visual communication design from the late 19t h century is moving toward ubiquitous making and exchanging of visual communication, as anyone with a smartphone can make an internet meme with worldwide reach and influence
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