5,259 research outputs found
A framework for epidemic spreading in multiplex networks of metapopulations
We propose a theoretical framework for the study of epidemics in structured
metapopulations, with heterogeneous agents, subjected to recurrent mobility
patterns. We propose to represent the heterogeneity in the composition of the
metapopulations as layers in a multiplex network, where nodes would correspond
to geographical areas and layers account for the mobility patterns of agents of
the same class. We analyze both the classical Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible
and the Susceptible-Infected-Removed epidemic models within this framework, and
compare macroscopic and microscopic indicators of the spreading process with
extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results are in excellent agreement with
the simulations. We also derive an exact expression of the epidemic threshold
on this general framework revealing a non-trivial dependence on the mobility
parameter. Finally, we use this new formalism to address the spread of diseases
in real cities, specifically in the city of Medellin, Colombia, whose
population is divided into six socio-economic classes, each one identified with
a layer in this multiplex formalism.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Consensus reaching in swarms ruled by a hybrid metric-topological distance
Recent empirical observations of three-dimensional bird flocks and human
crowds have challenged the long-prevailing assumption that a metric interaction
distance rules swarming behaviors. In some cases, individual agents are found
to be engaged in local information exchanges with a fixed number of neighbors,
i.e. a topological interaction. However, complex system dynamics based on pure
metric or pure topological distances both face physical inconsistencies in low
and high density situations. Here, we propose a hybrid metric-topological
interaction distance overcoming these issues and enabling a real-life
implementation in artificial robotic swarms. We use network- and
graph-theoretic approaches combined with a dynamical model of locally
interacting self-propelled particles to study the consensus reaching pro- cess
for a swarm ruled by this hybrid interaction distance. Specifically, we
establish exactly the probability of reaching consensus in the absence of
noise. In addition, simulations of swarms of self-propelled particles are
carried out to assess the influence of the hybrid distance and noise
Pinning dynamic systems of networks with Markovian switching couplings and controller-node set
In this paper, we study pinning control problem of coupled dynamical systems
with stochastically switching couplings and stochastically selected
controller-node set. Here, the coupling matrices and the controller-node sets
change with time, induced by a continuous-time Markovian chain. By constructing
Lyapunov functions, we establish tractable sufficient conditions for
exponentially stability of the coupled system. Two scenarios are considered
here. First, we prove that if each subsystem in the switching system, i.e. with
the fixed coupling, can be stabilized by the fixed pinning controller-node set,
and in addition, the Markovian switching is sufficiently slow, then the
time-varying dynamical system is stabilized. Second, in particular, for the
problem of spatial pinning control of network with mobile agents, we conclude
that if the system with the average coupling and pinning gains can be
stabilized and the switching is sufficiently fast, the time-varying system is
stabilized. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of
these theoretical results, including a switching dynamical system between
several stable sub-systems, and a dynamical system with mobile nodes and
spatial pinning control towards the nodes when these nodes are being in a
pre-designed region.Comment: 9 pages; 3 figure
Traffic Offloading/Onloading in Multi-RAT Cellular Networks
We analyze next generation cellular networks, offering connectivity to mobile users through multiple radio access technologies (RATs), namely LTE and WiFi. We develop a framework based on the Markovian agent formalism, which can model several aspects of the system, including user traffic dynamics and radio resource allocation. In particular, through a mean-field solution, we show the ability of our framework to capture the system behavior in flash-crowd scenarios, i.e., when a burst of traffic requests takes place in some parts of the network service area. We consider a distributed strategy for the user RAT selection, which aims at ensuring high user throughput, and investigate its performance under different resource allocation scheme
Opinion influence and evolution in social networks: a Markovian agents model
In this paper, the effect on collective opinions of filtering algorithms
managed by social network platforms is modeled and investigated. A stochastic
multi-agent model for opinion dynamics is proposed, that accounts for a
centralized tuning of the strength of interaction between individuals. The
evolution of each individual opinion is described by a Markov chain, whose
transition rates are affected by the opinions of the neighbors through
influence parameters. The properties of this model are studied in a general
setting as well as in interesting special cases. A general result is that the
overall model of the social network behaves like a high-dimensional Markov
chain, which is viable to Monte Carlo simulation. Under the assumption of
identical agents and unbiased influence, it is shown that the influence
intensity affects the variance, but not the expectation, of the number of
individuals sharing a certain opinion. Moreover, a detailed analysis is carried
out for the so-called Peer Assembly, which describes the evolution of binary
opinions in a completely connected graph of identical agents. It is shown that
the Peer Assembly can be lumped into a birth-death chain that can be given a
complete analytical characterization. Both analytical results and simulation
experiments are used to highlight the emergence of particular collective
behaviours, e.g. consensus and herding, depending on the centralized tuning of
the influence parameters.Comment: Revised version (May 2018
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