An ANT+ Protocol Based Health Care System

In remote health care Body Area Networks (BAN) are very popular but demand low energy consumption due to very constrained resources. For it several protocols, such as ZigBee, BlueTooth, WiFi etc, have been proposed but non has delivered the optimum results. These systems also demand vast interoperability among devices. Recently a propriety protocol ANT+ provides such features and strengthens the goals for Internet of Things (IOT). The authors describe a software architecture which flexibly integrates ANT+ protocol enabled sensors to deliver health care services. The approach is validated on a health care application that integrates heart rate, cadence, distance, foot steps and environmental temperature sensors. Described architecture is modular, flexible, scalable and possess several features

Collisions of uniformly distributed identifiers with an application to MAC address anonymization

The main contribution of this paper consists in theoretical approximations of the collision rate of $n$ random identifiers uniformly distributed in $m (> n)$ buckets---along with bounds on the approximation errors. A secondary contribution is a decentralized anonymization system of media access control (MAC) addresses with a low collision rate. The main contribution supports the secondary one in that it quantifies its collision rate, thereby allowing designers to minimize $m$ while attaining specific collision rates. Recent works in crowd monitoring based on WiFi probe requests, for which collected MAC addresses should be anonymized, have inspired this research

Novel Approach using Robust Routing Protocol in Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Network with Network Simulator 2: A Review

In recent year wireless sensor network has been an emerging technology and promising technology in unveiling the riddle of the marine life and other underwater applications. As it is a permutation of computation, sensing and communication. In the 70% of the earth a huge amount of unexploited resources lies covered by oceans. To coordinate interact and share information among themselves to carry out sensing and monitoring function underwater sensor network consists number of various sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles deployed underwater. The two most fundamental problems in underwater sensor network are sensing coverage and network connectivity. The coverage problem reflects how well a sensor network is tracked or monitored by sensors. An underwater wireless sensor networks is the emerging field that is having the challenges in each field such as the deployment of nodes, routing, floating movement of sensors etc. This paper is concerned about the underwater acoustic wireless sensor network of routing protocol applications and UW-ASNs deployments for monitoring and control of underwater domains

A stateless opportunistic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

Routing packets in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to deal with void communication areas. While this issue is not addressed in some underwater routing protocols, there exist some partially state-full protocols which can guarantee the delivery of packets using excessive communication overhead. However, there is no fully stateless underwater routing protocol, to the best of our knowledge, which can detect and bypass trapped nodes. A trapped node is a node which only leads packets to arrive finally at a void node. In this paper, we propose a Stateless Opportunistic Routing Protocol (SORP), in which the void and trapped nodes are locally detected in the different area of network topology to be excluded during the routing phase using a passive participation approach. SORP also uses a novel scheme to employ an adaptive forwarding area which can be resized and replaced according to the local density and placement of the candidate forwarding nodes to enhance the energy efficiency and reliability. We also make a theoretical analysis on the routing performance in case of considering the shadow zone and variable propagation delays. The results of our extensive simulation study indicate that SORP outperforms other protocols regarding the routing performance metrics

A Monitoring System Design in Transmission Lines based on Wireless Sensor Networks

AbstractA smart grid application in monitoring the condition of transmission line with wireless sensor networks was described in this paper. ZigBee and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology were adopted in this system to ensure normal transmission of signals, even in remote areas where there is no telecommunication service, and data could be transmitted over a long distance. In addition, the system provided warnings before the damage caused by meteorological disasters to ensure the line security

Principal investigator in a box: Version 1.2 documentation

Principal Investigator (PI) in a box is a computer system designed to help optimize the scientific results of experiments that are performed in space. The system will assist the astronaut experimenters in the collection and analysis of experimental data, recognition and pursuit of 'interesting' results, optimal use of the time allocated to the experiment, and troubleshooting of the experiment apparatus. This document discusses the problems that motivate development of 'PI-in-a-box', and presents a high- level system overview and a detailed description of each of the modules that comprise the current version of the system

Further simulation testing in CoopMAC-U for underwater acoustic sensor networks

In order for underwater wireless sensor networks to communicate more efficiently, MAC protocols are needed to control the use of acoustic channels. With the high propagation delay and the limited bandwidth available on the acoustic channel, a specially designed MAC protocol is needed for UWASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks). In this research, the adaptation of Cooperative MAC for underwater (CoopMAC-U) will be further studied to test the protocol performance. In the previous research, CoopMAC-U was simulated yet the fairness of the transmission was not simulated and tested. In this research, CoopMAC-U will be studied further and improved. The simulation result shows that the Improved CoopMAC-U protocol produces better-normalized throughput than the initial version of CoopMAC-U. The protocol is also proven that it is backward compatible between conventional mode and cooperative mode. For offered load greater than 0.2, both the initial version of CoopMAC-U and the Improved CoopMAC-U result in stagnant normalized throughputs but the improved ones double the value of the initial version

Energy Balanced Strategies for Maximizing the Lifetime of Sparsely Deployed Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWA-SNs) are envisioned to perform monitoring tasks over the large portion of the world covered by oceans. Due to economics and the large area of the ocean, UWA-SNs are mainly sparsely deployed networks nowadays. The limited battery resources is a big challenge for the deployment of such long-term sensor networks. Unbalanced battery energy consumption will lead to early energy depletion of nodes, which partitions the whole networks and impairs the integrity of the monitoring datasets or even results in the collapse of the entire networks. On the contrary, balanced energy dissipation of nodes can prolong the lifetime of such networks. In this paper, we focus on the energy balance dissipation problem of two types of sparsely deployed UWA-SNs: underwater moored monitoring systems and sparsely deployed two-dimensional UWA-SNs. We first analyze the reasons of unbalanced energy consumption in such networks, then we propose two energy balanced strategies to maximize the lifetime of networks both in shallow and deep water. Finally, we evaluate our methods by simulations and the results show that the two strategies can achieve balanced energy consumption per node while at the same time prolong the networks lifetime

WiseMAC protocol for wireless sensor network-an energy efficient protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks are very useful in case of distance or unreachable areas. WSN are having large number of nodes (sensors) which are randomly distributed. These sensors are primarily used to process data and connected through wireless channel. The processing, transmission and reception and sensing the channel need power. This power is given to nodes by their batteries. So the problem in front of us is to reduce power consumption by these nodes. Some areas are very far and some areas are unreachable like valley or hill areas. Thus it is not possible in some cases to replace or change the battery. Our focus is to make a protocol which makes these nodes work with lesser battery power. There are so many MAC layer protocols which work for this purpose but they too are not energy efficient. These protocols are based on CSMA. Here in this report we have proposed WiseMAC protocol which is also based on CSMA but with preamble sampling. This protocol shows very good reduction in power consumption. For this we used some more schemes with the existing WiseMAC protocol, these schemes are more bit and extended more bit. Our WiseMAC protocol is an asynchronous protocol and works very well in case of adaptive traffic conditions. To make WiseMAC energy efficient we are here focusing to reduce preamble sampling duration and this done with reducing duty cycle and contention window of our proposed protocol. As we have implemented Adaptive WiseMAC protocol so we are focusing that this will help in body are network (BAN) for medical purposes. Although a lot of works have been done but still more work has to be don

Future wireless applications for a networked city: services for visitors and residents

Future wireless networks will offer near-ubiquitous high-bandwidth communications to mobile users. In addition, the accurate position of users will be known, either through network services or via additional sensing devices such as GPS. These characteristics of future mobile environments will enable the development of location-aware and, more generally, context-sensitive applications. In an attempt to explore the system, application, and user issues associated with the development and deployment of such applications, we began to develop the Lancaster GUIDE system in early 1997, finishing the first phase of the project in 1999. In its entirety, GUIDE comprises a citywide wireless network based on 802.11, a context-sensitive tour guide application with, crucially, significant content, and a set of supporting distributed systems services. Uniquely in the field, GUIDE has been evaluated using members of the general public, and we have gained significant experience in the design of usable context-sensitive applications. We focus on the applications and supporting infrastructure that will form part of GUIDE II, the successor to the GUIDE system. These developments are designed to expand GUIDE outside the tour guide domain, and to provide applications and services for residents of the city of Lancaster, offering a vision of the future mobile environments that will emerge once ubiquitous high-bandwidth coverage is available in most cities