43,928 research outputs found

    The Evolution of Shopping Center Research: A Review and Analysis

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    Retail research has evolved over the past sixty years. Christaller\u27s early work on central place theory, with its simplistic combination of range and threshold has been advanced to include complex consumer shopping patterns and retailer behavior in agglomerated retail centers. Hotelling\u27s seminal research on competition in a spatial duopoly has been realized in the form of comparison shopping in regional shopping centers. The research that has followed Christaller and Hoteling has been as wide as it has been deep, including literature in geography, economics, finance, marketing, and real estate. In combination, the many extensions of central place theory and retail agglomeration economics have clearly enhanced the understanding of both retailer and consumer behavior. In addition to these two broad areas of shopping center research, two more narrowly focused areas of research have emerged. The most recent focus in the literature has been on the positive effects large anchor tenants have on smaller non-anchor tenant sales. These positive effects are referred to as retail demand externalities. Exploring the theoretical basis for the valuation of shopping centers has been another area of interest to researchers. The primary focus of this literature is based in the valuation of current and expected lease contracts

    The Old and the Stubborn? Firm Characteristics and Relocation in the Netherlands

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    This study gives some insight into the relationships between the spatial environment, firm characteristics and long term existence of firms in the Netherlands. A logit model is employed to investigate the locational difference of firms, considering firm characteristics such as age, size, region and network. The main findings are that (long-term) continuation of the location and firm size are positively associated with long-term existence of firms

    Using Geographic Information Systems to Improve Real Estate Analysis

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    Geographic information systems (GIS) technology provides users with the ability to improve real estate analysis. First, we describe GIS in general and then discuss some GIS real estate applications. Next, we illustrate how GIS can be used to calculate a shortest-path algorithm that produces a location variable superior to the traditionally used straight-line distance variable. Our sample provides empirical evidence of a statistically significant relationship between residential sales prices and the additional information provided by the GIS-created variable.

    A Planning Template for Nonwork Travel and Transit Oriented Development, MTI Report 01-12

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    The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) at San José State University assigned a project team to design a planning template for transit-oriented development (TOD) that incorporates an understanding of nonwork travel, that is, trips for shopping, eating out, and engaging in recreational and cultural activities. Nonwork trips are growing in signifigance and now account for four of every five trips. At the same time, TOD has become a popular planning response to the impacts of metropolitan growth. Some planners believe that TOD will induce more pedestrian and transit trips and will reduce the average length and frequency of household auto travel. This effect is assumed to result from improved accessibility to employment and nonwork venues located in compact, mixed-use centers. Planning professionals in many MPOs also suggest that if multiple centers are linked by high quality transit, such as light or heavy rail, access is enabled to the broad range of nonwork activities. The project arrived at these essential findings: (1) Venues for nonwork activities are very numerous and geographically dispersed. 2) The spatial environment for nonwork activities is the result of growing prosperity, technical innovation, and a dynamic, competitive marketplace. (3) The consumer marketplace will provide many more places to go than mass transit can cost-effectively serve. (4) Current metropolitan planning methods and modeling tools focus on the work trip and do not adequately account for the complexity of nonwork trips and their linkage to work trips. These findings support the need for a new regional planning process to complement current methods. One recommended approach is that metropolitan communities establish a Nonwork Travel Improvement Planning Process using a multidisciplinary expert advisory group interacting with a core, Internet-enabled, professional transportation planning staff. An iterative interaction across varied but relevant skill sets could be achieved through a Backcasting Delphi process. The focus of the interaction would be on understanding the ramifications of consumer and retail industry behavior for TOD and other new transportation strategies, and then assessing the available strategies for cost-effectiveness in reducing the impacts of growth and automobility in a complex and uncertain metropolitan market

    Spatial Autocorrelation in a Retail Context

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    This paper describes and applies the weighted least squares (WLS) technique that corrects for spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of hedonic regressions. Most empirical studies to date have focused on spatial autocorrelation in the housing market, i.e., single family home valuation. This study focuses on mall stores within shopping centers, with an emphasis on retail site selection within the mall.Spatial autocorrelation, hedonic modeling, bid rent, retail rents

    Devising a Corporate Facility Location Strategy to Maximize Shareholder Wealth

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    Location decisions should consider all related impacts upon a firm’s shareholder wealth. Overall, firm cost savings available at alternative locations need to be carefully examined in addition to a location’s impact on corporate sales revenues. This article reviews relevant literature, discusses recent location decision considerations for several companies and empirically tests a model seeking to measure the impact corporate relocation decisions have upon shareholder wealth. In addition, a classification and listing of corporate location considerations is put forth to supplement the anecdotal illustrations discussed herein. Together these represent a "primer" for professionals and executives involved in corporate facility location decisions.

    Drawing the line: balancing the spatial requirements of customer and contractor in occupied refurbishment

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    In planning the refurbishment of railway stations the spatial needs of the contractor and ofthe ongoing business stakeholders have to be balanced. A particular concern is thedisruptive effect of construction works upon pedestrian movement.RaCMIT (Refurbishment and Customer Movement Integration Tool) is a research projectaimed at addressing this problem through combining the knowledge of the client projectmanager, the construction planner and the pedestrian modelling expert.The objective of the research is to develop a decision protocol (based on problemsencountered in two case studies) facilitating optimisation of overall project value to theclient?s business.Research observations as well as current literature suggest that:? for overall decision-making, opportunities may be lost (under current practice) forminimising joint project cost/revenue disruption and? for spatial decision-making, temporary station configuration during construction(and not just overall pedestrian capacity) is a significant variable for both businessand safety outcomes. In planning the refurbishment of railway stations the spatial needs of the contractor and ofthe ongoing business stakeholders have to be balanced. A particular concern is thedisruptive effect of construction works upon pedestrian movement.RaCMIT (Refurbishment and Customer Movement Integration Tool) is a research projectaimed at addressing this problem through combining the knowledge of the client projectmanager, the construction planner and the pedestrian modelling expert.The objective of the research is to develop a decision protocol (based on problemsencountered in two case studies) facilitating optimisation of overall project value to theclient?s business.Research observations as well as current literature suggest that:? for overall decision-making, opportunities may be lost (under current practice) forminimising joint project cost/revenue disruption and? for spatial decision-making, temporary station configuration during construction(and not just overall pedestrian capacity) is a significant variable for both businessand safety outcomes

    A Synthesis of the Literature on the Relationship Between Food Access and Overweight and Obesity in African American Adolescents

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    Food access shapes a community’s nutritional environment and impacts the health and physical well-being of its residents. When a community does not have adequate access to outlets that offer healthy options, it is difficult to maintain a healthy diet. As a result, we often see higher rates of chronic disease, overweight and obesity among some populations. African American communities may be disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity because of limited food access. This literature review examines the public health significance of food access and how the presence of full service grocery stores impacts eating habits and overweight and obesity among African American adolescents. The results are primarily cross-sectional studies organized and presented in three sections: (1) food environment, (2) eating habits, and (3) policy implications. The findings in this literature review suggest that the problem of overweight and obesity in African American adolescents is indeed a multi-faceted issue. While there does appear to be a correlation between access to full service supermarkets and eating behaviors, overweight and obesity, there are other factors to consider. It is unclear if the presence of more full-service supermarkets alone is enough to significantly impact a reduction of overweight and obesity among African-American youth. While quantitative studies provide important baseline data, researchers should consider developing qualitative studies that may offer additional insight into individual, family and environmental factors that vary geographically
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