A Kinect-Based People-flow Counting System

[[abstract]]This paper proposed a bi-directional people-flow counting system with Kinect. It can also be applied to multi-flow to correspond with the demand for the practical application. Firstly, we set the Kinect above the doorway to capture the situation of pedestrian flow. Then this system detects people in the covering area using the depth image information from Kinect system. And we do the morphological processing like erosion tothe object and find the region of interest (ROI) often performed on using a mapping-based detection approach. After these previous steps, this system set a detected line and let people go through it. Therefore, we can get people number of the experimental result. For the multi-flow case, it will cause the occlusion problem, so we could apply the depth information to distinguish the target on occlusion problem. Final, we compare the experimental results with the manual count results and other research. Under normal circumstances, our system provides not only almost 100% for bi-directional counting but also correspond with the demand for real-time.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencetkucampus]]淡水校園[[conferencedate]]20121104~20121107[[booktype]]電子版[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]New Taipei City, Taiwa

A large-scale real-life crowd steering experiment via arrow-like stimuli

We introduce "Moving Light": an unprecedented real-life crowd steering experiment that involved about 140.000 participants among the visitors of the Glow 2017 Light Festival (Eindhoven, NL). Moving Light targets one outstanding question of paramount societal and technological importance: "can we seamlessly and systematically influence routing decisions in pedestrian crowds?" Establishing effective crowd steering methods is extremely relevant in the context of crowd management, e.g. when it comes to keeping floor usage within safety limits (e.g. during public events with high attendance) or at designated comfort levels (e.g. in leisure areas). In the Moving Light setup, visitors walking in a corridor face a choice between two symmetric exits defined by a large central obstacle. Stimuli, such as arrows, alternate at random and perturb the symmetry of the environment to bias choices. While visitors move in the experiment, they are tracked with high space and time resolution, such that the efficiency of each stimulus at steering individual routing decisions can be accurately evaluated a posteriori. In this contribution, we first describe the measurement concept in the Moving Light experiment and then we investigate quantitatively the steering capability of arrow indications.Comment: 8 page

Detection of abnormal passenger behaviors on ships, using RGBD cameras

El objetivo de este trabajo fin de Máster (TFM) es el diseño, implementación, y evaluación de un sistema inteligente de videovigilancia, que permita la detección, seguimiento y conteo de personas, así como la detección de estampidas, para grandes embarcaciones. El sistema desarrollado debe ser portable, y funcionar en tiempo real. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio de las tecnologías disponibles en sistemas embebidos, para elegir las que mejor se adecúan al objetivo del TFM. Se ha desarrollado un sistema de detección de personas basado en una MobileNet-SSD, complementado con un banco de filtros de Kalman para el seguimiento. Además, se ha incorporado un detector de estampidas basado en el análisis de la entropía del flujo óptico. Todo ello se ha implementado y evaluado en un dispositivo embebido que incluye una unidad VPU. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido validar la propuesta.The aim of this Final Master Thesis (TFM) is the design, implementation and evaluation of an intelligent video surveillance system that allows the detection, monitoring and counting of people, as well as the detection of stampedes, for large ships. The developed system must be portable and work in real time. To this end, a study has been carried out of the technologies available in embedded systems, in order to choose those that best suit the objective of the TFM. A people detection system based on a MobileNetSSD has been developed, complemented by a Kalman filter bank for monitoring. In addition, a stampede detector based on optical flow entropy analysis has been incorporated. All this has been implemented and evaluated in an embedded device that includes a Vision Processing Unit (VPU) unit. The results obtained have allowed the validation of the proposal.Máster Universitario en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (M125

Älykkäät huonejärjestelmät perusparannetuissa koulurakennuksissa

Smart technologies in buildings can improve user satisfaction, energy efficiency and the performance of technical systems. Demand-based ventilation and heating solutions are used to achieve great indoor environment quality energy efficiently. The European Commission has introduced a Smart Readiness Indicator in the new Energy performance of buildings directive, which aims at proving the added value that smart technologies bring to the building owners, users and tenants. The objectives of the thesis are to evaluate how ICT-technology and services can be used in buildings through case examples and to integrate different systems to co-operate including building automation, HVAC and a mobile application. The measurements were conducted in seven rooms in Aalto University’s Undergraduate center. The main improvements were: the monitoring and controllability of the variable air volume ventilation- and water radiator heating-system through Aalto space – mobile app, occupancy measurements and the collection of user satisfaction feedback. The VAV-ventilation system in the case rooms worked as designed. The CO2 concentration varied with each room, but the temperatures were nearly identical and stable. Three different control strategies for the ventilation were tested, where the combination of both temperature and CO2 concentration proved to be the best solution. The ratio between exhaust and supply air flows varied from room to room, best being 100% and worst 60%. This difference could be seen in the results of the pressure differences over the building envelope. This measurement was used to assess the performance of the ventilation system. All rooms were underpressured and there was a clear difference between day and night time pressures difference over the building envelope. During the night, the air handling unit of the zone serving the case rooms was not operating. Still during the nights, some general exhaust fan operating causing the greater underpressure. Room occupancy was measured with image- and CO2 concentration-based methods. Image-based methods provided varying results. The Kinect sensor had problems in identifying people, but the AXIS-3045 worked well with 95% accuracy. CO2 concentration-based method was accurate to one person 66% of the time and 89% accurate in identifying if the room is occupied or not. The error is caused by the latency of change of the concentration in the rooms. Also, the CO2 generation rates by humans and the accuracy of the supply and exhaust air flows can cause errors. User satisfaction in the rooms was measured with a paper survey and through Aalto space – mobile app. The results indicate that people are quite satisfied with the rooms as through the paper survey 71% answered +/- 1 on the PMV scale and through Aalto Space 84% answered either four or five stars out of five. Nearly half rated the indoor temperature as slightly cool/cool or cold. The indoor temperature was considered to be acceptable by 69% and the air quality by 79% of the respondents.Rakennusten älykkäät teknologiat parantavat käyttäjätyytyväisyyttä, energiatehokkuutta sekä rakennusten elinikää. Tarpeenmukaisen ilmanvaihdon ja lämmityksen ratkaisuilla saavutetaan energiatehokkaasti korkeatasoinen sisäilmaston laatu. Euroopan komissio on julkaissut uuden Smart Readiness indikaattorin, jonka tarkoituksena on korostaa älykkäiden teknologioiden tuoma lisäarvo rakennusten omistajille, käyttäjille sekä asukkaille. Tämän työn tavoitteena on arvioida miten ICT-teknologiaa ja palveluita voidaan käyttää rakennuksissa esimerkkitapausten avulla sekä integroida eri taloteknisiä ja muita järjestelmiä, kuten rakennusautomaation ja LVI:n sekä mobiilisovelluksen yhteen. Mittaukset toteutettiin seitsemässä huoneessa Aalto-yliopiston Kandidaattikeskuksessa. Tärkeimmät parannukset olivat: muuttuvan ilmavirtasääteisen ilmanvaihdon sekä vesiradiaattorijärjestelmän seuranta sekä ohjaus Aalto Space-mobiilisovelluksella, huoneiden käyttöasteen mittaus sekä käyttäjätyytyväisyys palautteen kerääminen. Muuttuva ilmavirtasääteinen ilmanvaihto toimi huoneissa kuten se oli suunniteltu. Sisäilmaolosuhteet vaihtelivat huoneiden välillä hiilidioksidipitoisuuden osalta, mutta lämpötila oli lähes identtinen jokaisessa huoneessa. Huoneissa testattiin kolmea eri ilmanvaihdonohjausstrategiaa, joista lämpötilan ja hiilidioksidipitoisuuden yhteisohjaus osoittautui parhaaksi ratkaisuksi. Myös tulo- ja poistoilmavirtojen suhde vaihteli huoneissa. Muutamissa huoneissa ilmavirrat olivat noin 100 % tasapainossa ja joissakin huoneissa suhde oli jopa 60 %. Tämä ero näkyi esimerkiksi huoneiden paine-eroissa rakennuksen vaipan yli. Paine-ero mittauksia tehtiin arvioidakseen ilmanvaihtojärjestelmän toimivuutta. Kaikki huoneet olivat alipaineisia. Alipaine oli selvästi suurempi öisin kuin päivisin. Tämä muutos johtuu siitä, että huoneiden ilmanvaihtokone on öisin pois päältä, mutta rakennuksessa on muita poistoilmanvaihtokoneita päällä. Käyttäjätyytyväisyyttä mitattiin kuudella kysymyksellä paperisena sekä Aalto Space -mobiilisovelluksen avulla. Tulokset osoittavat, että ihmiset ovat melko tyytyväisiä huoneiden sisäilmastoon, sillä paperikyselyiden kautta 71 % vastasi +/- 1 PMV-asteikolla ja Aalto Spacen kautta 84 % vastasi joko neljä tai viisi tähteä viidestä. Lähes puolet vastaajista kertoi sisälämpötilan olevan hieman viileä, viileä tai kylmä. Hyväksyttävänä sisälämpötilaa piti 69 % ja ilmanlaatua 79 % vastaajista

Designing wheelchair-based movement games

People using wheelchairs have access to fewer sports and other physically stimulating leisure activities than nondisabled persons, and often lead sedentary lifestyles that negatively influence their health. While motion- based video games have demonstrated great potential of encouraging physical activity among nondisabled players, the accessibility of motion-based games is limited for persons with mobility disabilities, thus also limiting access to the potential health benefits of playing these games. In our work, we address this issue through the design of wheelchair-accessible motion-based game controls. We present KINECTWheels, a toolkit designed to integrate wheelchair movements into motion-based games. Building on the toolkit, we developed Cupcake Heaven, a wheelchair-based video game designed for older adults using wheelchairs, and we created Wheelchair Revolution, a motion-based dance game that is accessible to both persons using wheelchairs and nondisabled players. Evaluation results show that KINECTWheels can be applied to make motion-based games wheelchair-accessible, and that wheelchair-based games engage broad audiences in physically stimulating play. Through the application of the wheelchair as an enabling technology in games, our work has the potential of encouraging players of all ages to develop a positive relationship with their wheelchair

A Navigation System for the Visually Impaired: A Fusion of Vision and Depth Sensor

For a number of years, scientists have been trying to develop aids that can make visually impaired people more independent and aware of their surroundings. Computer-based automatic navigation tools are one example of this, motivated by the increasing miniaturization of electronics and the improvement in processing power and sensing capabilities. This paper presents a complete navigation system based on low cost and physically unobtrusive sensors such as a camera and an infrared sensor. The system is based around corners and depth values from Kinect’s infrared sensor. Obstacles are found in images from a camera using corner detection, while input from the depth sensor provides the corresponding distance. The combination is both efficient and robust. The system not only identifies hurdles but also suggests a safe path (if available) to the left or right side and tells the user to stop, move left, or move right. The system has been tested in real time by both blindfolded and blind people at different indoor and outdoor locations, demonstrating that it operates adequately.</jats:p

A large-scale real-life crowd steering experiment via arrow-like stimuli

We introduce “Moving Light”: an unprecedented real-life crowd steering experiment that involved about 140.000 participants among the visitors of the Glow 2017 Light Festival (Eindhoven, NL). Moving Light targets one outstanding question of paramount societal and technological importance: “can we seamlessly and systematically influence routing decisions in pedestrian crowds?” Establishing effective crowd steering methods is extremely relevant in the context of crowd management, e.g. when it comes to keeping floor usage within safety limits (e.g. during public events with high attendance) or at designated comfort levels (e.g. in leisure areas). In the Moving Light setup, visitors walking in a corridor face a choice between two symmetric exits defined by a large central obstacle. Stimuli, such as arrows, alternate at random and perturb the symmetry of the environment to bias choices. While visitors move in the experiment, they are tracked with high space and time resolution, such that the efficiency of each stimulus at steering individual routing decisions can be accurately evaluated a posteriori. In this contribution, we first describe the measurement concept in the Moving Light experiment and then we investigate quantitatively the steering capability of arrow indications