A Review Paper on Video De-Interlacing Multiple Techniques

In this paper present video interlacing de-interlacing and various techniques. Focus on the different techniques of video De- Interlacing that are Intra Field, Inter Field, Motion Adaptive, Motion Compensated De- interlacing and Spatio-Temporal Interpolation. De- Interlaced video use the full resolution of each scan so produced high quality image and remove flicker problem. Techniques are work on the scan line of object Intra Field techniques use pixels of the moving object, Inter Field works on stationary regions of object, Motion Adaptive works on the edge of the Object and Motion Compensation focus video sequence and brightness variation. Advantage of using De-interlacing technique is: Better Moving object image, no flickers and high vertical resolution

Edge-adaptive spatial video de-interlacing algorithms based on fuzzy logic

Since the human visual system is especially sensitive to image edges, edge-dependent spatial interpolators have been proposed in literature as a means of successfully restoring edges while avoiding the staircase effect of linear spatial algorithms. This paper addresses the application of video de-interlacing, which constitutes an indispensable stage in video format conversion. Classic edge-adaptive de-interlacing algorithms introduce annoying artifacts when the edge directions are evaluated incorrectly. This paper presents two ways of exploiting fuzzy reasoning to reinforce edges without an excessive increase in computational complexity. The performance of the proposed algorithms is analyzed by de-interlacing a wide set of test sequences. The study compares the two proposals both with each other and with other edge-adaptive de-interlacing methods reported in the recent literatur

Super-Resolution of Unmanned Airborne Vehicle Images with Maximum Fidelity Stochastic Restoration

Super-resolution (SR) refers to reconstructing a single high resolution (HR) image from a set of subsampled, blurred and noisy low resolution (LR) images. One may, then, envision a scenario where a set of LR images is acquired with sensors on a moving platform like unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV). Due to the wind, the UAV may encounter altitude change or rotational effects which can distort the acquired as well as the processed images. Also, the visual quality of the SR image is affected by image acquisition degradations, the available number of the LR images and their relative positions. This dissertation seeks to develop a novel fast stochastic algorithm to reconstruct a single SR image from UAV-captured images in two steps. First, the UAV LR images are aligned using a new hybrid registration algorithm within subpixel accuracy. In the second step, the proposed approach develops a new fast stochastic minimum square constrained Wiener restoration filter for SR reconstruction and restoration using a fully detailed continuous-discrete-continuous (CDC) model. A new parameter that accounts for LR images registration and fusion errors is added to the SR CDC model in addition to a multi-response restoration and reconstruction. Finally, to assess the visual quality of the resultant images, two figures of merit are introduced: information rate and maximum realizable fidelity. Experimental results show that quantitative assessment using the proposed figures coincided with the visual qualitative assessment. We evaluated our filter against other SR techniques and its results were found to be competitive in terms of speed and visual quality

A Distributed System for Robot Manipulator Control, NSF Grant ECS-11879 Fourth Report

This is the fourth annual report representing our last year\u27s work under the current grant. This work was directed to the development of a distributed computer architecture to function as a force and motion server to a robot system. In the course of this work we developed a compliant contact sensor to provide for transitions between position and force control; developed an end-effector capable of securing a stable grasp on an object and a theory of grasping; developed and built a controller which minimizes control delays; explored a parallel kinematics algorithms for the controller; developed a consistent approach to the definition of motion both in joint coordinates and in Cartesian coordinates; developed a symbolic simplification software package to generate the dynamics equations of a manipulator such that the calculations may be split between background and foreground

1st year EFAST annual report

The present report provides information about the activities conducted during the 1st year of the EFAST project. The first chapter is dedicated to describe the inquiries conducted at the beginning of the project and to briefly summarise the main results. The second chapter is dedicated to the first EFAST workshop where some of the leading scientists in the field of earthquake engineering have met to discuss about the need and the technologies related to earthquake engineering. The third chapter contains a state of the art and future direction in seismic testing and simulation. The final chapter is dedicated to describe the preliminary design of the web portal of the future testing facility.JRC.DG.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

Le rôle de la reconnexion magnétique dans la formation de cordes de flux et "switchbacks" dans l'héliosphère

En physique des plasmas, la reconnexion magnétique est un processus fondamental, omniprésent dans les systèmes astrophysiques. Ce mécanisme remarquable convertit l'énergie magnétique en énergie cinétique et thermique sur des échelles cinétiques, de ce fait accélérant et chauffant le plasma tout en permettant une reconfiguration globale de la topologie du champ magnétique. De façon spectaculaire, les changements induits à l'échelle microscopique conduisent, par exemple, à un remodelage complet et à grande échelle du champ magnétique d'une planète ou d'une étoile. De par son accessibilité, l'environnement proche de la Terre est un parfait laboratoire astrophysique pour étudier les plasmas spatiaux. Ces dernières années, de nombreuses missions spatiales ont été lancées pour étudier les propriétés in situ des plasmas dans l'environnement Soleil-Terre, ainsi que le processus de reconnexion magnétique. Equipées pour dévoiler de nouvelles caractéristiques sur ces milieux, elles ont notamment mis en lumière des structures qui n'avaient pas été observées auparavant de part une résolution instrumentale insuffisante ou une absence de données antérieures. Ce manuscrit se concentre sur des structures observées à la magnétopause terrestre d'une part et dans le vent solaire d'autre part, et qui ont un impact significatif sur leur environnement. Notre approche a pour but d'expliquer les processus de formation en jeu pour ces structures à travers des études statistiques. Dans une première partie, nous étudions des structures magnétiques qui se propagent le long de la magnétopause terrestre, transportant des quantités importantes d'énergie et appelées Evènements de Transfert de Flux (FTE). Plus particulièrement, des FTE d'un nouveau genre ont été observées ces dernières années, présentant une signature de reconnexion magnétique en leur centre. Une telle observation remet en cause les modèles classiquement mis en avant pour expliquer leur structure interne. A travers une étude statistique des FTEs, nous avons pu mieux comprendre leur topologie magnétique et déterminer les facteurs environnementaux jouant un rôle dans leur apparition. Ces analyses nous renseignent sur les mécanismes de formation des FTE qui implique le processus de reconnexion magnétique sur le côté jour de la magnétopause. Nous présentons également des observations de structures similaires dans le vent solaire, soulignant que le processus en jeu à la magnétopause terrestre est probablement également à l'œuvre dans le vent solaire. Dans une seconde partie, nous passons de l'environnement terrestre à l'héliosphère interne, où les switchbacks magnétiques sont omniprésents dans le vent solaire proche du Soleil. Les switchbacks sont des déflections du champs magnétique qui vont jusqu'à renverser sa composante radiale, et qui sont de plus accélérées par rapport au vent solaire de fond. A travers une étude systématique de leurs échelles caractéristiques ainsi que de leur orientation, nous montrons que les switchbacks sont probablement liés à des structures de surfaces tels que la granulation ou la supergranulation. Nous concluons que leurs propriétés sont cohérentes avec une formation dans la basse atmosphère à travers le processus de reconnexion d'interchange. La reconnexion magnétique est un fil conducteur dans ce travail, omniprésente à la magnétopause terrestre et dans le vent solaire, et menant à la formation de structures impactant significativement leur environnement. Dans la dernière partie du manuscrit, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode prometteuse de détection automatique des signatures de jets de reconnexion, inspirée du processus d'identification visuelle de ces jets. Un tel algorithme de détection automatique permet d'envisager des études statistiques de jets de reconnexion observés dans le vent solaire, ce qui serait une avancée importante dans la compréhension du phénomène de la reconnexion magnétique.Plasmas are ubiquitous in the universe where most matter is in such a state, constituting stars, the interplanetary, interstellar and intergalactic medium, nebulae, and so forth. In the solar system for instance, a plasma sphere (the Sun) continuously ejects into the interplanetary medium a plasma (the solar wind) that interacts with the plasma (magnetospheres) surrounding the Earth or other planets. This makes the near-Earth environment a perfect astrophysical laboratory to study space plasmas. In plasma physics, magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process omnipresent in astrophysical systems. This unique mechanism converts magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energy at kinetic scales, accelerating and heating the plasma while allowing a global reconfiguration of the magnetic topology. Spectacularly, changes induced on microscopic scales lead for instance to the drastic large-scale remodeling of a planet's or a star's magnetic field. In the past decades, various space missions have been launched to investigate the in-situ properties of astrophysical plasmas in the Sun-Earth environment, as well as to study the process of magnetic reconnection. They were equipped to unveil new features of their surrounding media, and in that they succeeded, particularly in bringing to light structures that were not observed before, either due to a lack of instrumental resolution or to the absence of previous data. In this manuscript, we focus on structures observed at the Earth's magnetopause and in the solar wind, and of significant importance to the dynamics of their environment. In our approach, we aim to shed light on the physical processes at stake for the formation of these structures, using modeling and statistical analysis to infer their properties and potential formation models. In the first part of the manuscript, we present the investigation of a type of coherent magnetic structure often observed traveling along the Earth's magnetopause and carrying a significant amount of energy, called Flux Transfer Events (FTE). Particularly, a new type of FTE was observed with magnetic reconnection resolved in its core. Such a signature questions the usual model put forward to explain the internal structure of FTEs. Through a statistical analysis of FTE, we were able to better understand their magnetic topology and determine the factors playing a role in their occurrence, gaining insights on how they may be produced through magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. We also report on observations of similar structures in the solar wind, underlining that the process at work at the magnetopause is probably occurring in the solar wind as well. In the second part of the manuscript, we move from the near-Earth environment to the inner heliosphere, focusing on magnetic switchbacks that are a key feature of the near-Sun solar wind. Magnetic switchbacks are deflections of the magnetic field, sometimes reversing the radial component of the field, and made of accelerated plasma relative to the background solar wind. Through a systematic study of their characteristic scales and orientation, we highlight that switchbacks are probably linked to solar surface features like granulation and supergranulation, and we show that their properties are consistent with a formation through the process of interchange reconnection in the low solar atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection is a common thread of this work, being ubiquitous at the Earth's magnetopause and in the solar wind, and most probably involved in the formation of switchbacks in the low corona as well. In the last part of the manuscript, we describe a new promising approach, based on visual identification, that permits to automatically detect magnetic reconnection exhausts in-situ in the solar wind. An automated detection algorithm may lead to large statistical analysis of reconnection jets in the solar wind, a significant step forward in understanding the process of magnetic reconnection

NASA Tech Briefs, July 1992

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