Spartan Daily, February 22, 1993

Volume 100, Issue 17https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/8374/thumbnail.jp

Koszul connections of flat EEG bundles for description of brain signal dynamics

The bio-electromagnetic inverse problem is the identification of electromagnetic sources based on signals recorded from Electroencephalography (EEG) or Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and physical equations with a minimum of priori information. Following initial applications in modelling epilepsy patients' electrical brain activity, extensive research has been done in processing massive amounts of signal data from patients while preserving as much information as possible. Improvements in analyzing EEG/MEG recordings have significant utility not just in epilepsy treatment and diagnosis, but neuro-cognitive research in general. The main objective of this research is to build structures holding visualized and flattened EEG data as differential geometric entities, and to extend these structures as a dynamical system dealing with the evolution of large amounts of point data about brain activity. One aspect of existing research involves EEG signal data recorded across a time interval and processed using fuzzy clustering techniques, resulting in point data sets representing areas of high electrical activity within the brain. Concepts in differential geometry are applied to these spaces as a dynamical and visualized approach to modelling the evolution of signal clusters in the brain over time. Initially, Flat EEG data sets are shown to be topological spaces, manifolds and vector spaces. Two vector bundle structures for the Flat EEG space are thus developed: one analogous to Minkowski space-time and the other based on the classical notion of spatial change over linear time. From there, Koszul connections were constructed for both vector bundles, and both are shown to have zero curvature. Having provided a continuous differential structure to Flat EEG data, the evolution of signal clusters as a discrete dynamical system is then interpolated into a continuous form, allowing an enhanced view of the brain's state changes over time

Foreword—Establishing a Firm Foundation for the Small Law Practice

On March 26, 2014, the Western New England Law Review sponsored a symposium entitled Firm Foundations: Managing the Small Firm and Individual Practitioner. The symposium presentations provided perspectives on the often-overlooked world of small firm practice. A few influential books about the state of legal education and the future of the legal profession prompted public outcry from bar associations across the country to weigh in on the perceived problems of American legal education. The debate has resulted in some real changes in law school programs. Legal education is in the midst of major changes. For decades, law schools have been unique among university-based professional schools in the degree of disconnection between the academic program and the profession for which students were ostensibly being trained. Law schools must do a better job of preparing their students for practice in the small firm setting, but being aware of the challenges is a necessary first step in doing something about them. This symposium is a very good second step

FOREWORD—ESTABLISHING A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR THE SMALL LAW PRACTICE

On March 26, 2014, the Western New England Law Review sponsored a symposium entitled Firm Foundations: Managing the Small Firm and Individual Practitioner. The symposium presentations provided perspectives on the often-overlooked world of small firm practice. A few influential books about the state of legal education and the future of the legal profession prompted public outcry from bar associations across the country to weigh in on the perceived problems of American legal education. The debate has resulted in some real changes in law school programs. Legal education is in the midst of major changes. For decades, law schools have been unique among university-based professional schools in the degree of disconnection between the academic program and the profession for which students were ostensibly being trained. Law schools must do a better job of preparing their students for practice in the small firm setting, but being aware of the challenges is a necessary first step in doing something about them. This symposium is a very good second step

Višekriterijski pristup ocjene modela mliječnih farmi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Cattle breeding is a very important part of agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and milk production has a vital place in cattle breeding production. From an economic point of view, milk production is interesting as it is a daily production which presupposes faster marketing, which accelerates capital movement in agriculture, which in turn enhances liquidity. This research uses analyses of the existing state in milk production. The collected data are processed and cost calculation has been designed which enables the analysis of economic indicators of 4 dairy farm production models in B&H. Based on the collected data on features and values of dairy farm production models in B&H an analysis of expert evaluation was conducted as input data for DEXi method. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the basic indicators of business success of 4 dairy farm production models in B&H. Production-ecological, economic and socio-political features of the mentioned dairy farm models were analyzed. Based on the used criteria a rate of dairy farm production models using DEXi method was conducted. The results of the research in this paper using DEXi method show that the best model for dairy farm is model number four, which includes 45 milk cows.Govedarstvo je vrlo značajna grana poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Bosni i Hercegovini, a proizvodnja mlijeka zauzima značajno mjesto u govedarskoj proizvodnji. Ekonomski gledano proizvodnja mlijeka je zanimljiva jer je to svakodnevna proizvodnja što praktično stvara pretpostavke bržeg plasmana na tržište, ubrzava obrt kapitala na poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu i pospješuje njegovu likvidnost. U istraživanju je korištena analiza postojećeg stanja u proizvodnji mlijeka. Prikupljeni su podaci o proizvodnji i izrađena je obračunska kalkulacija troškova proizvodnje koja omogućava analizu ekonomskih pokazatelja četiri proizvodna modela mliječnih farmi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Prema obilježjima i ekonomskim vrijednostima modela mliječnih farmi u Bosni i Hercegovini obavljena je ekspertna ocjena ulaznih podataka za DEXi metodu. Cilj rada je ustanoviti osnovne pokazatelje uspješnosti poslovanja četiri proizvodna modela mliječnih farmi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Analizirana su proizvodno-ekološka, ekonomska i socijalno-politička obilježja navedenih modela. Na osnovu odabranih kriterija obavljena je ocjena proizvodnih modela primjenom DEXi metode. Rezultati istraživanja u ovom radu primjenom DEXi metode pokazuju da je najbolji model za mliječne farme model četiri koji uključuje 45 mliječnih krava

Entropy? Honest!

Here we deconstruct, and then in a reasoned way reconstruct, the concept of "entropy of a system," paying particular attention to where the randomness may be coming from. We start with the core concept of entropy as a COUNT associated with a DESCRIPTION; this count (traditionally expressed in logarithmic form for a number of good reasons) is in essence the number of possibilities---specific instances or "scenarios," that MATCH that description. Very natural (and virtually inescapable) generalizations of the idea of description are the probability distribution and of its quantum mechanical counterpart, the density operator. We track the process of dynamically updating entropy as a system evolves. Three factors may cause entropy to change: (1) the system's INTERNAL DYNAMICS; (2) unsolicited EXTERNAL INFLUENCES on it; and (3) the approximations one has to make when one tries to predict the system's future state. The latter task is usually hampered by hard-to-quantify aspects of the original description, limited data storage and processing resource, and possibly algorithmic inadequacy. Factors 2 and 3 introduce randomness into one's predictions and accordingly degrade them. When forecasting, as long as the entropy bookkeping is conducted in an HONEST fashion, this degradation will ALWAYS lead to an entropy increase. To clarify the above point we introduce the notion of HONEST ENTROPY, which coalesces much of what is of course already done, often tacitly, in responsible entropy-bookkeping practice. This notion, we believe, will help to fill an expressivity gap in scientific discourse. With its help we shall prove that ANY dynamical system---not just our physical universe---strictly obeys Clausius's original formulation of the second law of thermodynamics IF AND ONLY IF it is invertible. Thus this law is a TAUTOLOGICAL PROPERTY of invertible systems!Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures. Published in the journal "Entropy" in June 2016. Abstracts from referee's reports quoted right after the abstrac