132,591 research outputs found
Gaze and Gestures in Telepresence: multimodality, embodiment, and roles of collaboration
This paper proposes a controlled experiment to further investigate the
usefulness of gaze awareness and gesture recognition in the support of
collaborative work at a distance. We propose to redesign experiments conducted
several years ago with more recent technology that would: a) enable to better
study of the integration of communication modalities, b) allow users to freely
move while collaborating at a distance and c) avoid asymmetries of
communication between collaborators.Comment: Position paper, International Workshop New Frontiers in Telepresence
2010, part of CSCW2010, Savannah, GA, USA, 7th of February, 2010.
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/events/nft2010
When Computer Vision Gazes at Cognition
Joint attention is a core, early-developing form of social interaction. It is
based on our ability to discriminate the third party objects that other people
are looking at. While it has been shown that people can accurately determine
whether another person is looking directly at them versus away, little is known
about human ability to discriminate a third person gaze directed towards
objects that are further away, especially in unconstraint cases where the
looker can move her head and eyes freely. In this paper we address this
question by jointly exploring human psychophysics and a cognitively motivated
computer vision model, which can detect the 3D direction of gaze from 2D face
images. The synthesis of behavioral study and computer vision yields several
interesting discoveries. (1) Human accuracy of discriminating targets
8{\deg}-10{\deg} of visual angle apart is around 40% in a free looking gaze
task; (2) The ability to interpret gaze of different lookers vary dramatically;
(3) This variance can be captured by the computational model; (4) Human
outperforms the current model significantly. These results collectively show
that the acuity of human joint attention is indeed highly impressive, given the
computational challenge of the natural looking task. Moreover, the gap between
human and model performance, as well as the variability of gaze interpretation
across different lookers, require further understanding of the underlying
mechanisms utilized by humans for this challenging task.Comment: Tao Gao and Daniel Harari contributed equally to this wor
Learning to Find Eye Region Landmarks for Remote Gaze Estimation in Unconstrained Settings
Conventional feature-based and model-based gaze estimation methods have
proven to perform well in settings with controlled illumination and specialized
cameras. In unconstrained real-world settings, however, such methods are
surpassed by recent appearance-based methods due to difficulties in modeling
factors such as illumination changes and other visual artifacts. We present a
novel learning-based method for eye region landmark localization that enables
conventional methods to be competitive to latest appearance-based methods.
Despite having been trained exclusively on synthetic data, our method exceeds
the state of the art for iris localization and eye shape registration on
real-world imagery. We then use the detected landmarks as input to iterative
model-fitting and lightweight learning-based gaze estimation methods. Our
approach outperforms existing model-fitting and appearance-based methods in the
context of person-independent and personalized gaze estimation
Neuro-electronic technology in medicine and beyond
This dissertation looks at the technology and social issues involved with interfacing electronics directly to the human nervous system, in particular the methods for both reading and stimulating nerves. The development and use of cochlea implants is discussed, and is compared with recent developments in artificial vision. The final sections consider a future for non-medicinal applications of neuro-electronic technology. Social attitudes towards use for both medicinal and non-medicinal purposes are discussed, and the viability of use in the latter case assessed
The global issue 'mega-urbanization': An unsolvable challenge for stakeholders, researchers and residents?
This study aims at discussing the complex, multi-dimensional issue of the global phenomenon of urbanization. Based on a
theoretical review and discussion on the situation of cities, the causes, dimensions and consequences of urban growth the idea is to raise the main questions for future activities to meet this challenge. For it a pragmatic and holistic framework is proposed to systematize the manifold approaches and to stimulate discussions on this issue addressing inter- and transdisciplinary thinking
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