A Geolocation Database Middleware Sublayer for Minimizing Secondary User Waiting Times in TV White Space Spectrum Allocation

In wireless communication, licensed primary users (PUs), such as TV broadcasters, are allocated channels in the UHF and VHF spectrum for their transmission. Television white spaces (TVWS) are the unused channels, or vacant channels (VCs), which could be beneficial to unlicensed secondary users (SUs). With the TVWS wireless technology, the allocation of VC to SUs is currently based on a geolocation database (GLDB) approach. The unlicensed SUs compete for VCs as soon as they are released by the GLDB, which generates contention and long waiting times (among the SUs). Developing an efficient channel allocation strategy for the SUs, using the GLDB method, continues to be a challenge, including long waiting times. This paper discusses a methodology to minimize long waiting times by integrating a middleware sublayer, called dynamic queue regulator (DQR), into the main GLDB architecture. Under this strategy, the DQR GLDB issues a pricing scheme to the SUs in three categories: New SUs, Returning SUs, and SUs in Waiting. By coordinating with the main GLDB, the DQR middleware uses a blind ticketing cost model based on the idle times of PUs, which requires all arriving SUs to submit price offers. In this research, we simulate the dynamics of VC allocation in TVWS spectrum using two types of databases: the standard or Normal GLDB, proposed by regulators, and our DQR middleware GLDB. The simulation results show that the DQR middleware, when integrated into the main GLDB architecture, minimizes the SU waiting times by 0.3 h, or a 35.3% improvement

State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Spain 2015: Volume 1

This book provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sensors technology in specific leading areas. Industrial researchers, engineers and professionals can find information on the most advanced technologies and developments, together with data processing. Further research covers specific devices and technologies that capture and distribute data to be processed by applying dedicated techniques or procedures, which is where sensors play the most important role. The book provides insights and solutions for different problems covering a broad spectrum of possibilities, thanks to a set of applications and solutions based on sensory technologies. Topics include: • Signal analysis for spectral power • 3D precise measurements • Electromagnetic propagation • Drugs detection • e-health environments based on social sensor networks • Robots in wireless environments, navigation, teleoperation, object grasping, demining • Wireless sensor networks • Industrial IoT • Insights in smart cities • Voice recognition • FPGA interfaces • Flight mill device for measurements on insects • Optical systems: UV, LEDs, lasers, fiber optics • Machine vision • Power dissipation • Liquid level in fuel tanks • Parabolic solar tracker • Force sensors • Control for a twin roto