1,318 research outputs found
Energy Disaggregation for Real-Time Building Flexibility Detection
Energy is a limited resource which has to be managed wisely, taking into
account both supply-demand matching and capacity constraints in the
distribution grid. One aspect of the smart energy management at the building
level is given by the problem of real-time detection of flexible demand
available. In this paper we propose the use of energy disaggregation techniques
to perform this task. Firstly, we investigate the use of existing
classification methods to perform energy disaggregation. A comparison is
performed between four classifiers, namely Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors,
Support Vector Machine and AdaBoost. Secondly, we propose the use of Restricted
Boltzmann Machine to automatically perform feature extraction. The extracted
features are then used as inputs to the four classifiers and consequently shown
to improve their accuracy. The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated on a
real database consisting of detailed appliance-level measurements with high
temporal resolution, which has been used for energy disaggregation in previous
studies, namely the REDD. The results show robustness and good generalization
capabilities to newly presented buildings with at least 96% accuracy.Comment: To appear in IEEE PES General Meeting, 2016, Boston, US
Energy Disaggregation via Adaptive Filtering
The energy disaggregation problem is recovering device level power
consumption signals from the aggregate power consumption signal for a building.
We show in this paper how the disaggregation problem can be reformulated as an
adaptive filtering problem. This gives both a novel disaggregation algorithm
and a better theoretical understanding for disaggregation. In particular, we
show how the disaggregation problem can be solved online using a filter bank
and discuss its optimality.Comment: Submitted to 51st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication,
Control, and Computin
A Dynamical Systems Approach to Energy Disaggregation
Energy disaggregation, also known as non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), is
the task of separating aggregate energy data for a whole building into the
energy data for individual appliances. Studies have shown that simply providing
disaggregated data to the consumer improves energy consumption behavior.
However, placing individual sensors on every device in a home is not presently
a practical solution. Disaggregation provides a feasible method for providing
energy usage behavior data to the consumer which utilizes currently existing
infrastructure. In this paper, we present a novel framework to perform the
energy disaggregation task. We model each individual device as a single-input,
single-output system, where the output is the power consumed by the device and
the input is the device usage. In this framework, the task of disaggregation
translates into finding inputs for each device that generates our observed
power consumption. We describe an implementation of this framework, and show
its results on simulated data as well as data from a small-scale experiment.Comment: Submitted to 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2013
Deep learning applications in non-intrusive load monitoring
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is a technique for inferring the power consumption of each appliance within a home from one central meter, aiding in energy conservation. In this thesis I present several Deep Learning solutions for NILM, starting with two preliminary works – A proof of concept project for multisensory NILM on a Raspberry Pi; and a fully developed NILM solution named WaveNILM. Despite their success, both methods struggled to generalize outside their training data, a common problem in NILM. To improve generalization, I designed a framework for synthesizing truly novel appliance level power signatures based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) – the main project of this thesis. This generator, named PowerGAN, is trained using a variety of GAN techniques. I present a comparison of PowerGAN to other data synthesis work in the context of NILM and demonstrate that PowerGAN is able to create truly synthetic, realistic, diverse, appliance power signatures
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) using Deep Neural Networks: A Review
Demand-side management now encompasses more residential loads. To efficiently apply demand response strategies, it's essential to periodically observe the contribution of various domestic appliances to total energy consumption. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), also known as load disaggregation, is a method for decomposing the total energy consumption profile into individual appliance load profiles within the household. It has multiple applications in demand-side management, energy consumption monitoring, and analysis. Various methods, including machine learning and deep learning, have been used to implement and improve NILM algorithms. This paper reviews some recent NILM methods based on deep learning and introduces the most accurate methods for residential loads. It summarizes public databases for NILM evaluation and compares methods using standard performance metrics
Artificial Intelligence based Anomaly Detection of Energy Consumption in Buildings: A Review, Current Trends and New Perspectives
Enormous amounts of data are being produced everyday by sub-meters and smart
sensors installed in residential buildings. If leveraged properly, that data
could assist end-users, energy producers and utility companies in detecting
anomalous power consumption and understanding the causes of each anomaly.
Therefore, anomaly detection could stop a minor problem becoming overwhelming.
Moreover, it will aid in better decision-making to reduce wasted energy and
promote sustainable and energy efficient behavior. In this regard, this paper
is an in-depth review of existing anomaly detection frameworks for building
energy consumption based on artificial intelligence. Specifically, an extensive
survey is presented, in which a comprehensive taxonomy is introduced to
classify existing algorithms based on different modules and parameters adopted,
such as machine learning algorithms, feature extraction approaches, anomaly
detection levels, computing platforms and application scenarios. To the best of
the authors' knowledge, this is the first review article that discusses anomaly
detection in building energy consumption. Moving forward, important findings
along with domain-specific problems, difficulties and challenges that remain
unresolved are thoroughly discussed, including the absence of: (i) precise
definitions of anomalous power consumption, (ii) annotated datasets, (iii)
unified metrics to assess the performance of existing solutions, (iv) platforms
for reproducibility and (v) privacy-preservation. Following, insights about
current research trends are discussed to widen the applications and
effectiveness of the anomaly detection technology before deriving future
directions attracting significant attention. This article serves as a
comprehensive reference to understand the current technological progress in
anomaly detection of energy consumption based on artificial intelligence.Comment: 11 Figures, 3 Table
Office Low-Intrusive Occupancy Detection Based on Power Consumption
Precise fine-grained office occupancy detection can be exploited for energy savings in buildings. Based on such information one can optimally regulate lighting and climatization based on the actual presence and absence of users. Conventional approaches are based on movement detection, which are cheap and easy to deploy, but are imprecise and offer coarse information. We propose a power monitoring system as a source of occupancy information. The approach is based on sub-metering at the level of room circuit breakers. The proposed method tackles the problem of indoor office occupancy detection based on statistical approaches, thus contributing to building context awareness which, in turn, is a crucial stepping stone for energy-efficient buildings. The key advantage of the proposed approach is to be low intrusive, especially when compared with image- or tag-based solutions, while still being sufficiently precise in its classification. Such classification is based on nearest neighbors and neural networks machine learning approaches, both in sequential and non-sequential implementations. To test the viability, precision, and saving potential of the proposed approach we deploy in an actual office over several months. We find that the room-level sub-metering can acquire precise, fine-grained occupancy context for up to three people, with averaged kappa measures of 93-95% using either the nearest neighbors or neural networks based approaches
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