THE ANALYSIS OF MODIFICATION POSITION IN NOUN PHRASE IN THE TRANSLATION OF MASTER OF THE GAME

This research is entitiled The Analysis of Modification Position in Noun Phrase in the Translation of Master of the Game. The material discussed in this research is the modification position of the noun phrase in English into Indonesian. The modification position of the noun phrase in English into Indonesian is a unique case. The uniqueness of the position in the two languages lies in the sequence of words in the noun phrase. There is a rule in forming a noun phrase. The noun phrase is formed by a head and one or some modifications. In English the modification is divided into two groups, determiners and modifiers. The determiner consists of articles, demonstratives, possessives, and indefinite adjectives. The modifier consists of numeratives, descriptive adjectives and other nouns. The modification may lie either at the beginning of the head, which is called pre-head modification,or at the end of the head, which is called post-head modification. The modification can also be formed by phrase such as a prepositional phrase or a participle phrase. The sequence of the modification is disccussed in detail. In Indonesian, the modification is always put at the end of the head except the numeratives lie before the head. The other modification have a function to modify the head. So, most noun phrase in Indonesian refer to the modified-modifiying rule. A change of the modification position would change the meaning of the noun phrase. The translation of a noun phrase may involve the change of the modification position. The pre-head modification of the source language would be the post-modification of the target language, or it would remain the prehead modification. It would happen because of the different grammar of the two languages. Since the grammatical rule of the modification position in English and Indonesian is different, a further and more comprehensive study of the modification should be conducted in the future

BILINGUALISM AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE MOTHER TONGUE IN MULTILINGUAL SINGAPORE

Two issues have been identified that act against the development of a strong bilingual and biliteracy proficiency among pupils in Singapore schools: 1. English is perceived as having a much higher status than the Mother Tongue (MT) and the language in which success is primarily measured given its primacy as the language of instruction in all subjects except the MT. Consequently, children’s use of their MT has been observed to decline in favour of English; 2. English and the MT are taught in effect as a form of double monolingualism, in watertight compartments, with no opportunity for bilingual learning or reflection in class on the relationship between the two languages. This artificially blocks pupils’ access to the other language and prevents the development of a more robust bilingual. In this presentation, I will describe the ways in which the MT is maintained in Singapore, and in particular focus on the research that has recently been completed on the use of dual language books to rejuvenate the interest and ability to read in Malay in bilingual Malay children

Learning Semantic Correspondences in Technical Documentation

We consider the problem of translating high-level textual descriptions to formal representations in technical documentation as part of an effort to model the meaning of such documentation. We focus specifically on the problem of learning translational correspondences between text descriptions and grounded representations in the target documentation, such as formal representation of functions or code templates. Our approach exploits the parallel nature of such documentation, or the tight coupling between high-level text and the low-level representations we aim to learn. Data is collected by mining technical documents for such parallel text-representation pairs, which we use to train a simple semantic parsing model. We report new baseline results on sixteen novel datasets, including the standard library documentation for nine popular programming languages across seven natural languages, and a small collection of Unix utility manuals.Comment: accepted to ACL-201

Specifying Logic Programs in Controlled Natural Language

Writing specifications for computer programs is not easy since one has to take into account the disparate conceptual worlds of the application domain and of software development. To bridge this conceptual gap we propose controlled natural language as a declarative and application-specific specification language. Controlled natural language is a subset of natural language that can be accurately and efficiently processed by a computer, but is expressive enough to allow natural usage by non-specialists. Specifications in controlled natural language are automatically translated into Prolog clauses, hence become formal and executable. The translation uses a definite clause grammar (DCG) enhanced by feature structures. Inter-text references of the specification, e.g. anaphora, are resolved with the help of discourse representation theory (DRT). The generated Prolog clauses are added to a knowledge base. We have implemented a prototypical specification system that successfully processes the specification of a simple automated teller machine.Comment: 16 pages, compressed, uuencoded Postscript, published in Proceedings CLNLP 95, COMPULOGNET/ELSNET/EAGLES Workshop on Computational Logic for Natural Language Processing, Edinburgh, April 3-5, 199

Modulation in English Into Indonesia Translation

This descriptive-qualitative research investigated the modulation phenomena and measured the accuracy level of the phenomena occurring in the translated text. It involved 40 students at the fifth semester of English education program in STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro. The data were taken from each participant‟s translated texts using observation and documentation. The kinds of text are scientific and literary texts. Both texts contain 20 modulation phenomena. All of the phenomena were analyzed by comparing the proper translation text with the translated text produced by the students and then measured in the term of accuracy level. The researcher found 11 Fixed Modulation (FM) and 9 Optional Modulation (OM). In the term of accuracy, the FM is more accurate than OM but OM has a lower inaccurate level than FM has. Related to the accuracy percentage of all phenomena, there are 16% categorized as accurate, 39% as less accurate, and 45% as inaccurate. In conclusion, the students are still lack of the accuracy in modulation so that they should be able to let themselves free from influential factors of the source language structure and to express natural and equivalent translation in target language