The online stolen data market: disruption and intervention approaches

This article brings a new taxonomy and collation of intervention and disruption methods that can be applied to the online stolen data market. These online market-places are used to buy and sell identity and financial information, as well as the products and services that enable this economy. This article combines research findings from computer science with criminology to provide a multidisciplinary approach to crimes committed with the use of technology.This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division (DHSS&T/CSD) Broad Agency Announcement 11.02, the Government of Australia and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific under contract number N66001-13-C-0131, to A.H.; and the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice under grant number 2010-IJ-CX-1676, 2010, to T. H.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2016.119712

A Social Network Analysis and Comparison of Six Dark Web Forums

With increasing monitoring and regulation by platforms, communities with criminal interests are moving to the dark web, which hosts content ranging from whistle-blowing and privacy, to drugs, terrorism, and hacking. Using post discussion data from six dark web forums we construct six interaction graphs and use social network analysis tools to study these underground communities. We observe the structure of each network to highlight structural patterns and identify nodes of importance through network centrality analysis. Our findings suggest that in the majority of the forums some members are highly connected and form hubs, while most members have a lower number of connections. When examining the posting activities of central nodes we found that most of the central nodes post in sub-forums with broader topics, such as general discussions and tutorials. These members play different roles in the different forums, and within each forum we identified diverse user profiles.EPSRC Doctoral Training Studentship (Jack Hughes

Les marchés de drogues sur le darkweb : impacts des opérations de perturbation de la police

L’émergence des cryptomarchés, ayant mené au développement de nouvelles méthodes de distribution de drogues et autres produits et services illicites (Walsh et Phil, 2011), pose divers défis aux forces de l’ordre. Ces dernières, souhaitant limiter la portée de leurs actions, adoptent habituellement des stratégies similaires à celles utilisées auprès de réseaux de drogues traditionnels (Décary-Hétu et Giommoni, 2016). Toutefois, les différences entre ces marchés et ceux en ligne génèrent des questionnements quant à l’efficacité de ces techniques. Jusqu’à présent, peu d’études s’y sont intéressées, mais celles qui ont été recensées sont effectivement parvenues à des résultats peu enthousiastes. Ces recherches ont conclu que les activités tentées jusqu’à présent par la police n’avaient pas influencé le marché de façon significativement durable (Décary-Hétu et Giommoni, 2016; Van Buskirk, Roxburgh, Farrell et Burns; 2014; Soska et Christin, 2015). Dans cette optique, ce mémoire pose un regard sur l’impact d’une opération policière n’ayant toujours pas été analysée à ce jour, qui, en collaboration avec les services postaux, a mené à une arrestation et à plusieurs saisies en lien avec des vendeurs de cannabis canadiens opérant sur les cryptomarchés. Après avoir analysé les données recueillies selon un modèle d’évaluation d’impact considérant l’offre, la demande et le prix, les résultats démontrent qu’au contraire de ce que nous dicte la littérature, l’opération a eu pour effet de diminuer significativement à long terme certains indicateurs tels que le nombre de transactions, les parts des marchés de transactions, le nombre de vendeurs actifs, les revenus engendrés et les parts de marchés de revenus, le tout au sein du marché de cannabis canadien. Le modèle de prédiction utilisé, se basant sur des analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues (ARIMA), nous a permis de déterminer que l’opération étudiée avait contribué à éviter 2452 transactions sur ce qui était normalement prévu par la tendance pré-intervention, soulignant une baisse considérable de 101%, versus 91% internationalement (différence de 10%) 18 mois après le début de l’intervention.The emergence of cryptomarkets, which has led to the development of new methods of distributing drugs and other illicit products and services (Walsh and Phil, 2011), poses various challenges to the police. The latter, wishing to limit the scope of their actions, usually adopt strategies similar to those used with traditional drug networks (Décary-Hétu and Giommoni, 2016). However, the differences between these markets and those online raise questions about the effectiveness of these techniques. So far, few studies have focused on that topic, but those that have been identified have achieved unenthusiastic results. This research concluded that the activities attempted to date by the police have not influenced the market in a significantly sustainable manner (Décary-Hétu and Giommoni, 2016, Van Buskirk, Roxburgh, Farrell and Burns, 2014, Soska and Christin, 2015). With this in mind, this Masters thesis looks at the impact of a police operation that has not yet been analyzed, which, in collaboration with the postal services, has made an arrest and several seizures in connection with cryptomarket sellers. After analyzing the data collected according to an impact evaluation model considering supply, demand and price, the results show that, contrary to what the literature dictates, the operation had the effect of reducing significantly long-term indicators such as the number of transactions, shares of trading markets, the number of active sellers, income generated and market share of income, all within the Canadian cannabis market. The prediction model used, based on interrupted time series analyzes (ARIMA), allowed us to determine that the study had avoided 2452 transactions normally planned by the trend before the intervention, showing us a considerable drop of 101%, comparatively to 91% internationally (difference of 10%) 18 months after the beginning of the intervention

エージェントベース社会シミュレーションを用いた経済市場と社会保障制度に関する研究

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Complying with international prison law? Prison discipline in Belgium and France

The number of international prison standards has risen steadily during the last decades. More than 20 international instruments now stipulate how to enforce prison discipline. Said instruments should ensure that prison conditions are humane and promote good prison management. Safety, security and discipline in prison require, inter alia, dynamic, alert and trained prison staff, pro-active prison directors and room for conflict resolution mechanisms. Compliance with international standards on prison discipline has been researched in Belgium and France, in law and in practice. The research findings are based on an analysis of legal instruments, policy documents and jurisprudence. These findings are complemented with an empirical research in seven prisons in Belgium and France. Data was gathered using methodological triangulation, mostly by studying prison disciplinary files, attending disciplinary hearings and interviewing detainees, prison officers and prison governors. The presentation highlights major deficiencies with prison discipline in both countries, including the lack of information to prisoners on the prison rules, the lack of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, problems regarding the rules on fact-finding and the burden of proof, and poor detention conditions in solitary confinement. The results are striking as both countries have been through a major legislative reform in 2005