Analysis of Performance of Jet Engine from Characteristics of Components I : Aerodynamic and Matching Characteristics of Turbine Component Determined with Cold Air

The performance of the turbine component of an NACA research jet engine was investigated with cold air. The interaction and the matching of the turbine with the NACA eight-stage compressor were computed with the combination considered as a jet engine. The over-all performance of the engine was then determined. The internal aerodynamics were studied to the extent of investigating the performance of the first stator ring and its influence on the turbine performance. For this ring, the stream-filament method for computing velocity distribution permitted efficient sections to be designed, but the design condition of free-vortex flow with uniform axial velocities was not obtained

Rocket-Based Combined-Cycle (RBCC) Propulsion Technology Workshop. Tutorial session

The goal of this workshop was to illuminate the nation's space transportation and propulsion engineering community on the potential of hypersonic combined cycle (airbreathing/rocket) propulsion systems for future space transportation applications. Four general topics were examined: (1) selections from the expansive advanced propulsion archival resource; (2) related propulsion systems technical backgrounds; (3) RBCC engine multimode operations related subsystem background; and (4) focused review of propulsion aspects of current related programs

Sublinear Computation Paradigm

This open access book gives an overview of cutting-edge work on a new paradigm called the “sublinear computation paradigm,” which was proposed in the large multiyear academic research project “Foundations of Innovative Algorithms for Big Data.” That project ran from October 2014 to March 2020, in Japan. To handle the unprecedented explosion of big data sets in research, industry, and other areas of society, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods and approaches for big data analysis. To meet this need, innovative changes in algorithm theory for big data are being pursued. For example, polynomial-time algorithms have thus far been regarded as “fast,” but if a quadratic-time algorithm is applied to a petabyte-scale or larger big data set, problems are encountered in terms of computational resources or running time. To deal with this critical computational and algorithmic bottleneck, linear, sublinear, and constant time algorithms are required. The sublinear computation paradigm is proposed here in order to support innovation in the big data era. A foundation of innovative algorithms has been created by developing computational procedures, data structures, and modelling techniques for big data. The project is organized into three teams that focus on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling. The work has provided high-level academic research results of strong computational and algorithmic interest, which are presented in this book. The book consists of five parts: Part I, which consists of a single chapter on the concept of the sublinear computation paradigm; Parts II, III, and IV review results on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling, respectively; Part V presents application results. The information presented here will inspire the researchers who work in the field of modern algorithms

Audio Mastering as a Musical Competency

In this dissertation, I demonstrate that audio mastering is a musical competency by elucidating the most significant, and clearly audible, facets of this competence. In fact, the mastering process impacts traditionally valued musical aspects of records, such as timbre and dynamics. By applying the emerging creative scholarship method used within the field of music production studies, this dissertation will aid scholars seeking to hear and understand audio mastering by elucidating its core practices as musical endeavours. And, in so doing, I hope to enable increased clarity and accuracy in future scholarly discussions on the topic of audio mastering, as well as the end product of the mastering process: records. Audio mastering produces a so-called master of a record, that is, a finished version of a record optimized for duplication and distribution via available formats (i.e, vinyl LP, audio cassette, compact disc, mp3, wav, and so on). This musical process plays a crucial role in determining how records finally sound, and it is not, as is so often inferred in research, the sole concern of a few technicians working in isolated rooms at a record label\u27s corporate headquarters. In fact, as Mark Cousins and Russ Hepworth-Sawyer (2013: 2) explain, nowadays “all musicians and engineers, to a lesser or greater extent, have to actively engage in the mastering process.” Thus, this dissertation clarifies the creative nature of audio mastering through an investigation of how mastering engineers hear records, and how they use technology to achieve the sonic goals they conceptualize

Task-based Adaptation of Graphical Content in Smart Visual Interfaces

To be effective visual representations must be adapted to their respective context of use, especially in so-called Smart Visual Interfaces striving to present specifically those information required for the task at hand. This thesis proposes a generic approach that facilitate the automatic generation of task-specific visual representations from suitable task descriptions. It is discussed how the approach is applied to four principal content types raster images, 2D vector and 3D graphics as well as data visualizations, and how existing display techniques can be integrated into the approach.Effektive visuelle Repräsentationen müssen an den jeweiligen Nutzungskontext angepasst sein, insbesondere in sog. Smart Visual Interfaces, welche anstreben, möglichst genau für die aktuelle Aufgabe benötigte Informationen anzubieten. Diese Arbeit entwirft einen generischen Ansatz zur automatischen Erzeugung aufgabenspezifischer Darstellungen anhand geeigneter Aufgabenbeschreibungen. Es wird gezeigt, wie dieser Ansatz auf vier grundlegende Inhaltstypen Rasterbilder, 2D-Vektor- und 3D-Grafik sowie Datenvisualisierungen anwendbar ist, und wie existierende Darstellungstechniken integrierbar sind

Freestyle Markup Language: Spezifikation einer polyhierarchischen Auszeichnungssprache

This paper provides a new generation of a markup language by introducing the Freestyle Markup Language (FML). Demands placed on the language are elaborated, a grammatical definition and a corresponding object graph are presented and a reference implementation is introduced. The result of this paper is a complete specification of FML. Today, the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is broadly accepted as a standardized serialization format and universal transfer syntax. XML allows the markup of content according to the well-formedness constraints ('properly nested') only in strict mono-hierarchical structures markup in non-hierarchical or multi-hierarchical structures is not inherently provided in the language: This deficit is sufficiently commented and represents a problem for many application scenarios. Moreover, further restrictions exist that complicate an unlimited use of XML in practice and prohibit an intuitive 'freestyle' markup. The fact that markup languages are not only used in the original sense in the typographic field but mostly and increasingly for any data structures confirms the necessity to further develop present markup standards, in analogy to the evolution of data structures from lists via table relations and trees up to graphs. The descriptive markup language FML consolidates deficit discourses, discussions as well as solution approaches and will offer a 'freestyle markup' beyond purely hierarchical structures

Utilização da Norma JPEG2000 para codificar proteger e comercializar Produtos de Observação Terrestre

Applications like, change detection, global monitoring, disaster detection and management have emerging requirements that need the availability of large amounts of data. This data is currently being capture by a multiplicity of instruments and EO (Earth Observation) sensors originating large volumes of data that needs to be stored, processed and accessed in order to be useful – as an example, ENVISAT accumulates, in a yearly basis, several hundred terabytes of data. This need to recover, store, process and access brings some interesting challenges, like storage space, processing power, bandwidth and security, just to mention a few. These challenges are still very important on today’s technological world. If we take a look for example at the number of subscribers of ISP (Internet Service Providers) broadband services on the developed world today, one can notice that broadband services are still far from being common and dominant. On the underdeveloped countries the picture is even dimmer, not only from a bandwidth point of view but also in all other aspects regarding information and communication technologies (ICTs). All this challenges need to be taken into account if a service is to reach the broadest audience possible. Obviously protection and securing of services and contents is an extra asset that helps on the preservation of possible business values, especially if we consider such a costly business as the space industry. This thesis presents and describes a system which allows, not only the encoding and decoding of several EO products into a JPEG2000 format, but also supports some of the security requirements identified previously that allows ESA (European Space Agency) and related EO services to define and apply efficient EO data access security policies and even to exploit new ways to commerce EO products over the Internet.Aplicações como, detecção de mudanças no terreno, monitorização planetária, detecção e gestão de desastres, têm necessidades prementes que necessitam de vastas quantidades de dados. Estes dados estão presentemente a ser capturados por uma multiplicidade de instrumentos e sensores de observação terrestre, que originam uma enormidade de dados que necessitam de ser armazenados processados e acedidos de forma a se tornarem úteis – por exemplo, a ENVISAT acumula anualmente varias centenas de terabytes de dados. Esta necessidade de recuperar, armazenar, processar e aceder introduz alguns desafios interessantes como o espaço de armazenamento, poder de processamento, largura de banda e segurança dos dados só para mencionar alguns. Estes desafios são muito importantes no mundo tecnológico de hoje. Se olharmos, por exemplo, ao número actual de subscritores de ISP (Internet Service Providers) de banda larga nos países desenvolvidos podemos ficar surpreendidos com o facto do número de subscritores desses serviços ainda não ser uma maioria da população ou dos agregados familiares. Nos países subdesenvolvidos o quadro é ainda mais negro não só do ponto de vista da largura de banda mas também de todos os outros aspectos relacionados com Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Todos estes aspectos devem ser levados em consideração se se pretende que um serviço se torne o mais abrangente possível em termos de audiências. Obviamente a protecção e segurança dos conteúdos é um factor extra que ajuda a preservar possíveis valores de negócio, especialmente considerando industrias tão onerosas como a Industria Espacial. Esta tese apresenta e descreve um sistema que permite, não só a codificação e descodificação de diversos produtos de observação terrestre para formato JPEG2000 mas também o suporte de alguns requisitos de segurança identificados previamente que permitem, á Agência Espacial Europeia e a outros serviços relacionados com observação terrestre, a aplicação de politicas eficientes de acesso seguro a produtos de observação terrestre, permitindo até o aparecimento de novas forma de comercialização de produtos de observação terrestre através da Internet