Building Combined Classifiers

This chapter covers different approaches that may be taken when building an ensemble method, through studying specific examples of each approach from research conducted by the authors. A method called Negative Correlation Learning illustrates a decision level combination approach with individual classifiers trained co-operatively. The Model level combination paradigm is illustrated via a tree combination method. Finally, another variant of the decision level paradigm, with individuals trained independently instead of co-operatively, is discussed as applied to churn prediction in the telecommunications industry

Prognostics in switching systems: Evidential markovian classification of real-time neuro-fuzzy predictions.

International audienceCondition-based maintenance is nowadays considered as a key-process in maintenance strategies and prognostics appears to be a very promising activity as it should permit to not engage inopportune spending. Various approaches have been developed and data-driven methods are increasingly applied. The training step of these methods generally requires huge datasets since a lot of methods rely on probability theory and/or on artificial neural networks. This step is thus time-consuming and generally made in batch mode which can be restrictive in practical application when few data are available. A method for prognostics is proposed to face up this problem of lack of information and missing prior knowledge. The approach is based on the integration of three complementary modules and aims at predicting the failure mode early while the system can switch between several functioning modes. The three modules are: 1) observation selection based on information theory and Choquet Integral, 2) prediction relying on an evolving real-time neuro-fuzzy system and 3) classification into one of the possible functioning modes using an evidential Markovian classifier based on Dempster-Shafer theory. Experiments concern the prediction of an engine health based on more than twenty observations

A survey on utilization of data mining approaches for dermatological (skin) diseases prediction

Due to recent technology advances, large volumes of medical data is obtained. These data contain valuable information. Therefore data mining techniques can be used to extract useful patterns. This paper is intended to introduce data mining and its various techniques and a survey of the available literature on medical data mining. We emphasize mainly on the application of data mining on skin diseases. A categorization has been provided based on the different data mining techniques. The utility of the various data mining methodologies is highlighted. Generally association mining is suitable for extracting rules. It has been used especially in cancer diagnosis. Classification is a robust method in medical mining. In this paper, we have summarized the different uses of classification in dermatology. It is one of the most important methods for diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases. There are different methods like Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms and fuzzy classifiaction in this topic. Clustering is a useful method in medical images mining. The purpose of clustering techniques is to find a structure for the given data by finding similarities between data according to data characteristics. Clustering has some applications in dermatology. Besides introducing different mining methods, we have investigated some challenges which exist in mining skin data

Theoretical Interpretations and Applications of Radial Basis Function Networks

Medical applications usually used Radial Basis Function Networks just as Artificial Neural Networks. However, RBFNs are Knowledge-Based Networks that can be interpreted in several way: Artificial Neural Networks, Regularization Networks, Support Vector Machines, Wavelet Networks, Fuzzy Controllers, Kernel Estimators, Instanced-Based Learners. A survey of their interpretations and of their corresponding learning algorithms is provided as well as a brief survey on dynamic learning algorithms. RBFNs' interpretations can suggest applications that are particularly interesting in medical domains

From real data to remaining useful life estimation : an approach combining neuro-fuzzy predictions and evidential Markovian classifications.

International audienceThis paper deals with the proposition of a prognostic approach that enables to face up to the problem of lack of information and missing prior knowledge. Developments rely on the assumption that real data can be gathered from the system (online). The approach consists in three phases. An information theory-based criterion is first used to isolate the most useful observations with regards to the functioning modes of the system (feature selection step). An evolving neuro-fuzzy system is then used for online prediction of observations at any horizons (prediction step). The predicted observations are classified into the possible functioning modes using an evidential Markovian classifier based on Dempster-Shafer theory (classification step). The whole is illustrated on a problem concerning the prediction of an engine health. The approach appears to be very efficient since it enables to early but accurately estimate the failure instant, even with few learning data

Designing an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System for Handling Uncertainty Effects in Brain–Computer Interface Classification of Motor Imagery Induced EEG Patterns

One of the urgent challenges in the automated analysis and interpretation of electrical brain activity is the effective handling of uncertainties associated with the complexity and variability of brain dynamics, reflected in the nonstationary nature of brain signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG). This poses a severe problem for existing approaches to the classification task within brain–computer interface (BCI) systems. Recently emerged type-2 fuzzy logic (T2FL) methodology has shown a remarkable potential in dealing with uncertain information given limited insight into the nature of the data generating mechanism. The objective of this work is thus to examine the applicability of T2FL approach to the problem of EEG pattern recognition. In particular, the focus is two-fold: i) the design methodology for the interval T2FL system (IT2FLS) that can robustly deal with inter-session as well as within-session manifestations of nonstationary spectral EEG correlates of motor imagery (MI), and ii) the comprehensive examination of the proposed fuzzy classifier in both off-line and on-line EEG classification case studies. The on-line evaluation of the IT2FLS-controlled real-time neurofeedback over multiple recording sessions holds special importance for EEG-based BCI technology. In addition, a retrospective comparative analysis accounting for other popular BCI classifiers such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), kernel Fisher discriminant (KFD) and support vector machines (SVMs) as well as a conventional type-1 FLS (T1FLS), simulated off-line on the recorded EEGs, has demonstrated the enhanced potential of the proposed IT2FLS approach to robustly handle uncertainty effects in BCI classification

Classification of microarray gene expression cancer data by using artificial intelligence methods

Günümüzde bilgisayar teknolojilerinin gelişmesi ile birçok alanda yapılan çalışmaları etkilemiştir. Moleküler biyoloji ve bilgisayar teknolojilerinde meydana gelen gelişmeler biyoinformatik adlı bilimi ortaya çıkarmıştır. Biyoinformatik alanında meydana gelen hızlı gelişmeler, bu alanda çözülmeyi bekleyen birçok probleme çözüm olma yolunda büyük katkılar sağlamıştır. DNA mikroarray gen ekspresyonlarının sınıflandırılması da bu problemlerden birisidir. DNA mikroarray çalışmaları, biyoinformatik alanında kullanılan bir teknolojidir. DNA mikroarray veri analizi, kanser gibi genlerle alakalı hastalıkların teşhisinde çok etkin bir rol oynamaktadır. Hastalık türüne bağlı gen ifadeleri belirlenerek, herhangi bir bireyin hastalıklı gene sahip olup olmadığı büyük bir başarı oranı ile tespit edilebilir. Bireyin sağlıklı olup olmadığının tespiti için, mikroarray gen ekspresyonları üzerinde yüksek performanslı sınıflandırma tekniklerinin kullanılması büyük öneme sahiptir. DNA mikroarray’lerini sınıflandırmak için birçok yöntem bulunmaktadır. Destek Vektör Makinaları, Naive Bayes, k-En yakın Komşu, Karar Ağaçları gibi birçok istatistiksel yöntemler yaygın olarak kullanlmaktadır. Fakat bu yöntemler tek başına kullanıldığında, mikroarray verilerini sınıflandırmada her zaman yüksek başarı oranları vermemektedir. Bu yüzden mikroarray verilerini sınıflandırmada yüksek başarı oranları elde etmek için yapay zekâ tabanlı yöntemlerin de kullanılması yapılan çalışmalarda görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu istatistiksel yöntemlere ek olarak yapay zekâ tabanlı ANFIS gibi bir yöntemi kullanarak daha yüksek başarı oranları elde etmek amaçlanmıştır. İstatistiksel sınıflandırma yöntemleri olarak K-En Yakın Komşuluk, Naive Bayes ve Destek Vektör Makineleri kullanılmıştır. Burada Göğüs ve Merkezi Sinir Sistemi kanseri olmak üzere iki farklı kanser veri seti üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Sonuçlardan elde edilen bilgilere göre, genel olarak yapay zekâ tabanlı ANFIS tekniğinin, istatistiksel yöntemlere göre daha başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Fuzzy Logic

The capability of Fuzzy Logic in the development of emerging technologies is introduced in this book. The book consists of sixteen chapters showing various applications in the field of Bioinformatics, Health, Security, Communications, Transportations, Financial Management, Energy and Environment Systems. This book is a major reference source for all those concerned with applied intelligent systems. The intended readers are researchers, engineers, medical practitioners, and graduate students interested in fuzzy logic systems