2,743 research outputs found

    Spatial Identification Methods and Systems for RFID Tags

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    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce je zaměƙena na metody a systĂ©my pro měƙenĂ­ vzdĂĄlenosti a lokalizaci RFID tagĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v pĂĄsmu UHF. Úvod je věnovĂĄn popisu současnĂ©ho stavu vědeckĂ©ho poznĂĄnĂ­ v oblasti RFID prostorovĂ© identifikace a stručnĂ©mu shrnutĂ­ problematiky modelovĂĄnĂ­ a nĂĄvrhu prototypĆŻ těchto systĂ©mĆŻ. Po specifikaci cĂ­lĆŻ disertace pokračuje prĂĄce popisem teorie modelovĂĄnĂ­ degenerovanĂ©ho kanĂĄlu pro RFID komunikaci. Detailně jsou rozebrĂĄny metody měƙenĂ­ vzdĂĄlenosti a odhadu směru pƙíchodu signĂĄlu zaloĆŸenĂ© na zpracovĂĄnĂ­ fĂĄzovĂ© informace. Pro Ășčely lokalizace je navrĆŸeno několik scĂ©náƙƯ rozmĂ­stěnĂ­ antĂ©n. Modely degenerovanĂ©ho kanĂĄlu jsou simulovĂĄny v systĂ©mu MATLAB. VĂœznamnĂĄ část tĂ©to prĂĄce je věnovĂĄna konceptu softwarově definovanĂ©ho rĂĄdia (SDR) a specifikĆŻm jeho adaptace na UHF RFID, kterĂĄ vyuĆŸitĂ­ bÄ›ĆŸnĂœch SDR systĂ©mĆŻ značně omezujĂ­. DiskutovĂĄna je zejmĂ©na problematika prĆŻniku nosnĂ© vysĂ­lače do pƙijĂ­macĂ­ cesty a poĆŸadavky na signĂĄl lokĂĄlnĂ­ho oscilĂĄtoru pouĆŸĂ­vanĂœ pro směơovĂĄnĂ­. PrezentovĂĄny jsou tƙi vyvinutĂ© prototypy: experimentĂĄlnĂ­ dotazovač EXIN-1, měƙicĂ­ systĂ©m zaloĆŸenĂœ na platformě Ettus USRP a antĂ©nnĂ­ pƙepĂ­nacĂ­ matice pro emulaci SIMO systĂ©mu. ZĂĄvěrečnĂĄ část je zaměƙena na testovĂĄnĂ­ a zhodnocenĂ­ popisovanĂœch lokalizačnĂ­ch technik, zaloĆŸenĂœch na měƙenĂ­ komplexnĂ­ pƙenosovĂ© funkce RFID kanĂĄlu. Popisuje ĂșzkopĂĄsmovĂ©/ĆĄirokopĂĄsmovĂ© měƙenĂ­ vzdĂĄlenosti a metody odhadu směru signĂĄlu. Oba navrĆŸenĂ© scĂ©náƙe rozmĂ­stěnĂ­ antĂ©n jsou v zĂĄvěru ověƙeny lokalizačnĂ­m měƙenĂ­m v reĂĄlnĂœch podmĂ­nkĂĄch.The doctoral thesis is focused on methods and systems for ranging and localization of RFID tags operating in the UHF band. It begins with a description of the state of the art in the field of RFID positioning with short extension to the area of modeling and prototyping of such systems. After a brief specification of dissertation objectives, the thesis overviews the theory of degenerate channel modeling for RFID communication. Details are given about phase-based ranging and direction of arrival finding methods. Several antenna placement scenarios are proposed for localization purposes. The degenerate channel models are simulated in MATLAB. A significant part of the thesis is devoted to software defined radio (SDR) concept and its adaptation for UHF RFID operation, as it has its specialties which make the usage of standard SDR test equipment very disputable. Transmit carrier leakage into receiver path and requirements on local oscillator signals for mixing are discussed. The development of three experimental prototypes is also presented there: experimental interrogator EXIN-1, measurement system based on Ettus USRP platform, and antenna switching matrix for an emulation of SIMO system. The final part is focused on testing and evaluation of described positioning techniques based on complex backscatter channel transfer function measurement. Both narrowband/wideband ranging and direction of arrival methods are validated. Finally, both proposed antenna placement scenarios are evaluated with real-world measurements.

    Indoor wireless communications and applications

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    Chapter 3 addresses challenges in radio link and system design in indoor scenarios. Given the fact that most human activities take place in indoor environments, the need for supporting ubiquitous indoor data connectivity and location/tracking service becomes even more important than in the previous decades. Specific technical challenges addressed in this section are(i), modelling complex indoor radio channels for effective antenna deployment, (ii), potential of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radios for supporting higher data rates, and (iii), feasible indoor localisation and tracking techniques, which are summarised in three dedicated sections of this chapter

    Position and Orientation Estimation through Millimeter Wave MIMO in 5G Systems

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    Millimeter wave signals and large antenna arrays are considered enabling technologies for future 5G networks. While their benefits for achieving high-data rate communications are well-known, their potential advantages for accurate positioning are largely undiscovered. We derive the Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound (CRB) on position and rotation angle estimation uncertainty from millimeter wave signals from a single transmitter, in the presence of scatterers. We also present a novel two-stage algorithm for position and rotation angle estimation that attains the CRB for average to high signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm is based on multiple measurement vectors matching pursuit for coarse estimation, followed by a refinement stage based on the space-alternating generalized expectation maximization algorithm. We find that accurate position and rotation angle estimation is possible using signals from a single transmitter, in either line-of- sight, non-line-of-sight, or obstructed-line-of-sight conditions.Comment: The manuscript has been revised, and increased from 27 to 31 pages. Also, Fig.2, Fig. 10 and Table I are adde
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