175,078 research outputs found
Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD
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An Information Theoretical Analysis of Human Insulin-Glucose System Towards The Internet of Bio-Nano Things
Molecular communication is an important tool to understand biological communications with many promising applications in Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT). The insulinglucose system is of key significance among the major intrabody nanonetworks since it fulfills metabolic requirements of the body. Study of biological networks from information and communication theoretical (ICT) perspective is necessary for their introduction in the IoBNT framework. Therefore, the objective of this work is to provide and analyze for the first time in literature, a simple molecular communication model of the human insulin-glucose system from ICT perspective. The data rate, channel capacity and the group propagation delay are analyzed for a two-cell network between a pancreatic beta cell and a muscle cell that are connected through a capillary. The results point out a correlation between an increase in insulin resistance and a decrease in the data rate and channel capacity, an increase in the insulin transmission rate and an increase in the propagation delay. We also propose applications for introduction of the system in IoBNT framework. Multi-cell insulin glucose system models may be based on this simple model to help in the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance by means of novel IoBNT applications.This work was supported in part by ERC project MINERVA (ERC-2013-CoG #616922), and EU project CIRCLE (EUH2020- FET-Open #665564)
A customizable multi-agent system for distributed data mining
We present a general Multi-Agent System framework for
distributed data mining based on a Peer-to-Peer model. Agent
protocols are implemented through message-based asynchronous
communication. The framework adopts a dynamic load balancing
policy that is particularly suitable for irregular search algorithms. A modular design allows a separation of the general-purpose system protocols and software components from the specific data mining algorithm. The experimental evaluation has been carried out on a parallel frequent subgraph mining algorithm, which has shown good scalability performances
The Biosemiotic Approach in Biology : Theoretical Bases and Applied Models
Biosemiotics is a growing fi eld that investigates semiotic processes in the living realm in an attempt to combine the fi ndings of the biological sciences and semiotics. Semiotic processes are more or less what biologists have typically referred to as â signals, â â codes, âand â information processing âin biosystems, but these processes are here understood under the more general notion of semiosis, that is, the production, action, and interpretation of signs. Thus, biosemiotics can be seen as biology interpreted as a study of living sign systems â which also means that semiosis or sign process can be seen as the very nature of life itself. In other words, biosemiotics is a field of research investigating semiotic processes (meaning, signification, communication, and habit formation in living systems) and the physicochemical preconditions for sign action and interpretation.
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Improving Receiver Performance of Diffusive Molecular Communication with Enzymes
This paper studies the mitigation of intersymbol interference in a diffusive
molecular communication system using enzymes that freely diffuse in the
propagation environment. The enzymes form reaction intermediates with
information molecules and then degrade them so that they cannot interfere with
future transmissions. A lower bound expression on the expected number of
molecules measured at the receiver is derived. A simple binary receiver
detection scheme is proposed where the number of observed molecules is sampled
at the time when the maximum number of molecules is expected. Insight is also
provided into the selection of an appropriate bit interval. The expected bit
error probability is derived as a function of the current and all previously
transmitted bits. Simulation results show the accuracy of the bit error
probability expression and the improvement in communication performance by
having active enzymes present.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. To appear in IEEE Transactions on
Nanobioscience (submitted January 22, 2013; minor revision October 16, 2013;
accepted December 4, 2013
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