A TOGAF Based Chatbot Evaluation Metrics: Insights from Literature Review

Chatbots have been used for basic conversational functionalities and task performance in today\u27s world. With the surge in the use of chatbots, several design features have emerged to cater to its rising demands and increasing complexity. Researchers have grappled with the issues of modeling and evaluating these tools because of the vast number of metrics associated with their measure of successful. This paper conducted a literature survey to identify the various conversational metrics used to evaluate chatbots. The selected evaluation metrics were mapped to the various layers of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) architecture. TOGAF architecture helped us divide the metrics based on the various facets critical to developing successful chatbot applications. Our results show that the metrics related to the business layer have been well studied. However, metrics associated with the data, information, and system layers warrant more research. As chatbots become more complex, success metrics across the intermediate layers may assume greater significance

Artificial Empathy in Marketing Interactions: Bridging the Human-AI Gap in Affective and Social Customer Experience

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform firm-customer interactions. However, current AI marketing agents are often perceived as cold and uncaring and can be poor substitutes for human-based interactions. Addressing this issue, this article argues that artificial empathy needs to become an important design consideration in the next generation of AI marketing applications. Drawing from research in diverse disciplines, we develop a systematic framework for integrating artificial empathy into AI-enabled marketing interactions. We elaborate on the key components of artificial empathy and how each component can be implemented in AI marketing agents. We further explicate and test how artificial empathy generates value for both customers and firms by bridging the AI-human gap in affective and social customer experience. Recognizing that artificial empathy may not always be desirable or relevant, we identify the requirements for artificial empathy to create value and deduce situations where it is unnecessary and, in some cases, harmful

The Chatter of the Visible

The Chatter of the Visible examines the paradoxical narrative features of the photo montage aesthetics of artists associated with Dada, Constructivism, and the New Objectivity. While montage strategies have commonly been associated with the purposeful interruption of and challenge to narrative consistency and continuity, McBride offers an historicized reappraisal of 1920s and 1930s German photo montage work to show that its peculiar mimicry was less a rejection of narrative and more an extension or permutation of it—a means for thinking in narrative textures exceeding constraints imposed by “flat” print media (especially the novel and other literary genres). McBride’s contribution to the conversation around Weimar-era montage is in her situation of the form of the work as a discursive practice in its own right, which affords humans a new way to negotiate temporality; as a particular mode of thinking that productively relates the particular to the universal; or as a culturally specific form of cognition

Artificial Intelligence Through the Eyes of the Public

Artificial Intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science. In this report we explored its history, major accomplishments and the visions of its creators. We looked at how Artificial Intelligence experts influence reporting and engineered a survey to gauge public opinion. We also examined expert predictions concerning the future of the field as well as media coverage of its recent accomplishments. These results were then used to explore the links between expert opinion, public opinion and media coverage

Unplatformed Design: Reconceptualising Social Media Technologies as Tools for Coordinated Action, Participation and Engagement

Ph. D. Thesis.Social media technologies are becoming more and more enmeshed in our personal, professional and civic lives. Increasingly, we are just as likely to use social media to book a doctor’s appointment as we are to make plans with friends. This ever-widening context of use is a testament to the versatility and flexibility of these types of technology, and points to their potential for shaping, structuring and supporting new ways of participation, engagement and interaction. The aim of this thesis is to explore this idea through designing with, investigating and reconceptualising social media technologies. With respect to existing literature around the appropriation of technologies and the materiality of information, I argue that social media can be conceptualised as a ‘design material’ from which other forms of participation can be created. To support this, I undertake the design, deployment and evaluation of a large-scale social media-based participatory engagement, ‘WhatFutures’. From insights generated in this design process, and with an accompanying analysis of other empirical examples of appropriation of social media for participation, I then propose the model for ‘unplatformed design’. This conceptual model details the material qualities of social media technologies in respect to how they can be appropriated in the coordination of participation. Lastly, I put this model into practice in two design-led case studies: in the design and deployment of a peer support system for people undergoing extreme weight loss as part of managing diabetes; and in the formulation of design considerations for a social media-based language learning system. There are multiple outcomes from this is conceptual, empirical and design-led inquiry. I fully detail the final designs and corresponding design processes of two full large-scale, social media-based engagements. I present and interpret a variety of design decisions around the appropriation of social media for coordinating participation. Crucially, I introduce the novel model of unplatformed design, identifying four material qualities of social media technologies, and how they may be configured or augmented towards coordinating participation. This model fundamentally reimagines the role and possibilities of social media technologies within design, it looks past existing perceptions and ingrained usage patterns, and proposes a more constructive and participatory orientation of social media to our lives