Service-oriented design of environmental information systems

Service-orientation has an increasing impact upon the design process and the architecture of environmental information systems. This thesis specifies the SERVUS design methodology for geospatial applications based upon standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium. SERVUS guides the system architect to rephrase use case requirements as a network of semantically-annotated requested resources and to iteratively match them with offered resources that mirror the capabilities of existing services

Art, the Architectonic and Functionality

What is the status and position of the ‘functional’ art object? My research has sought to consider the role of the object in recent examples of socially-engaged art practice, by examining the notion of the ‘useful’ in contemporary art as conceptualized by theorist Stephen Wright and his advocates. By interrogating the praxis of the Turner Prize winning architectural collective Assemble and the deeper social-engagement of American artist Theaster Gates, I have sought to decode the institutional structures supporting their work, permitting a more nuanced assessment of the status of the useful object as art. During my research I undertook a six-month collaborative project with the staff and students of an M.Arch module at the Sheffield School of Architecture. The module addressed issues of local energy generation and use within a geo-sociological context and gave me the opportunity to create a body of work in response to these themes of utility. Through the development of my own praxis, the concomitant practice-led research and the critical distance this has permitted, I have been able to consider art’s relationship to objects of utility within the epistemologies of both my art and design background. For, as I conclude, it may be better to view these objects as the result of socially-engaged creativity – as critically-engaged architectonic design – rather than objects of art, thereby encouraging contemporary art practice to continue to stand in autonomous opposition to the instrumentalizing forces of capitalism

The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries

This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Improving Access and Mental Health for Youth Through Virtual Models of Care

The overall objective of this research is to evaluate the use of a mobile health smartphone application (app) to improve the mental health of youth between the ages of 14–25 years, with symptoms of anxiety/depression. This project includes 115 youth who are accessing outpatient mental health services at one of three hospitals and two community agencies. The youth and care providers are using eHealth technology to enhance care. The technology uses mobile questionnaires to help promote self-assessment and track changes to support the plan of care. The technology also allows secure virtual treatment visits that youth can participate in through mobile devices. This longitudinal study uses participatory action research with mixed methods. The majority of participants identified themselves as Caucasian (66.9%). Expectedly, the demographics revealed that Anxiety Disorders and Mood Disorders were highly prevalent within the sample (71.9% and 67.5% respectively). Findings from the qualitative summary established that both staff and youth found the software and platform beneficial

Negotiating place: an exploration of the educational potential of practising spatial design with primary and secondary pupils in three schools in England

This thesis investigates the educational potential of practising spatial design within primary and secondary schools in England. Four gaps in the literature were identified: the possibilities of children engaging pro-actively in the relationship between architecture and education; a theoretical and empirical understanding of ‘negotiation’ as a model of transformative participation; accounts of participatory design that interrogate and make visible the messy and complex; and qualitative analytic approaches that are relational and spatial. The thesis first develops a relational understanding of the practice of spatial design as inescapably contingent and political, able to operate in both dominant and nondominant modes, each with different educational purposes and potentials. Second, it investigates how the mode of spatial design is operationalised through exploring empirically how different negotiations manifest and unfold during its practice, including the effects of the methods and methodology used. The empirical research drew on a Design Anthropological approach, supported by elements of Critical Art Practice, and was undertaken through the researcher’s active role in three spatial design projects, each using various design methods: explorative walks, examining precedent projects, drawing, and physical modelling. Two took place in English primary schools and one in an English secondary. In this study, material, care, and time are identified as key elements of method and approach that directly affect the mode of participation operationalised within spatial design practices. The study also demonstrates how schools continually produce and are produced-by negotiations between the human, material, policy, regulatory, and financial threads that comprise them; how these negotiations manifest and unfold during design and inhabitation through uses of material, care, and time; and how the particular qualities of materials, care, and time used are thus central to the nature of negotiations and by-extension practices of design and inhabitation. The spatial analytic approach taken shows architects and educationalists the importance of attending to what happens during spatial design, not simply its methods and outcomes, and offers a means to do so. Architects and designers will realise through this study that reflexive, attentional participation is essential to developing relational understandings of inhabitation within schools, and that serious consideration of material-, care-, and time-use is fundamental to this. The study demonstrates to educationalists and policy makers the negotiated, contingent nature of architecture and education’s relationship and thus the value of practising spatial design in schools as a means to continually raise and engage with questions concerning the how, why, and where of education.The PhD is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), under the Collaborative Doctoral Award (CDA) scheme. It is the third of three doctoral studies to unfold within a collaboration between Dr Catherine Burke – an historian of education in the Faulty of Education at the University of Cambridge – and Dominic Cullinan – a practising architect and partner at SCABAL, a small architecture practice specialising in the design of educational environments, with a focus on schools

The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries

This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic

LifeWatch deliverable 5.1.3: Technical construction plan –Reference Model

The LifeWatch Reference Model (LifeWatch-RM) provides a common conceptual framework for understanding the significant relations and key characteristics of the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) elements of LifeWatch that should appear consistently across different implementations. Its intention is to represent a common view of the ICT dimension between all those involved in and contributing to the LifeWatch Research Infrastructure and to provide guidelines for the construction and management process. The LifeWatch-RM defines a number of components and architectural concepts as a basis for the future LifeWatch Architecture. It is neither a blueprint nor does it define a technological mapping, but identifies some key aspects and components that should be present in the final implementation of the LifeWatch System

Design Studios: Understanding Relations Between Built Environment, Learning and Behaviours

The design studio is an important part of design and architectural education, because of the unique approach of pedagogy used (Dutton, 1987, Salama, 1995, 2012). This research uses this space to examine the physical characteristics and properties of the design studio as a space, considering the ways it influences the behaviours and emotions of its users towards learning and collaborating with one another. Starting from the Sheffield School of Architecture, where the focus towards engaged and reflective learning. Trying to answer the research question ‘How do the physical characteristics of the Design Studio influence certain behaviours of the studio user, relevant to collaborative learning?. Ultimately, attention is directed towards looking at their experience, which is created with the influence of the space, and the curriculum of architectural education, with both referred to as the ‘design studio’ (Crowther, 2013). This research has ‘empowered’ users of the design studio (Literat, 2013), notably ‘students’ of four different universities in the context of the United Kingdom, through creating a hybrid research methodology that revolves around capturing their experience in relation to the physical space of the design studio. Under the umbrella of case study, using ethnography and focus groups, which were consisting of ‘Student Designer Engagement Map’, a method created based on a service design tool (Stickdorn and Schneider, 2011) to capture the current and aspired experience. These have then been analysed and interpreted through different lenses, i.e. the interior designer, tutor and the researcher. The findings of the research were themed around spatial features in terms of social aspects, environmental control aspects and in terms of design organisation and furniture. The findings were related to the emotions experienced in the design studio through the project phases and stages. The hybrid methodology used and the methods have helped in creating a framework of propositional guidelines of design considerations, which may be beneficial for the stakeholders of the learning design studio and beyond

Performance Evaluation of Class A LoRa Communications

Recently, Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have attracted a great interest due to the need of connecting more and more devices to the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). This thesis explores LoRa’s suitability and performance within this paradigm, through a theoretical approach as well as through practical data acquired in multiple field campaigns. First, a performance evaluation model of LoRa class A devices is proposed. The model is meant to characterize the performance of LoRa’s Uplink communications where both physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) are taken into account. By admitting a uniform spatial distribution of the devices, the performance characterization of the PHY-layer is studied through the derivation of the probability of successfully decoding multiple frames that were transmitted with the same spreading factor and at the same time. The MAC performance is evaluated by admitting that the inter-arrival time of the frames generated by each LoRa device is exponentially distributed. A typical LoRaWAN operating scenario is considered, where the transmissions of LoRa Class A devices suffer path-loss, shadowing and Rayleigh fading. Numerical results obtained with the modeling methodology are compared with simulation results, and the validation of the proposed model is discussed for different levels of traffic load and PHY-layer conditions. Due to the possibility of capturing multiple frames simultaneously, the maximum achievable performance of the PHY/MAC LoRa scheme according to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is considered. The contribution of this model is primarily focused on studying the average number of successfully received LoRa frames, which establishes a performance upper bound due to the optimal capture condition considered in the PHY-layer. In the second stage of this work a practical LoRa point-to-point network was deployed to characterize LoRa’s performance in a practical way. Performance was assessed through data collected in the course of several experiments, positioning the transmitter in diverse locations and environments. This work reports statistics of the received packets and different metrics gathered from the physical-layer

Gestion dynamique d'ontologies à partir de textes par systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs

Une ontologie est une représentation structurée des connaissances d'un domaine sous la forme d'un réseau conceptuel. Les ontologies sont considérées comme un support indispensable à la communication entre agents logiciels, à l'annotation des sites Web et des ressources documentaires dans une optique de recherche sémantique de l'information. Parce que les connaissances d'un domaine sont amenées à évoluer, une ontologie doit elle aussi évoluer pour rester en cohérence avec le domaine qu'elle modélise. Actuellement, la plupart des travaux traitant de l'évolution d'ontologies se préoccupent de la vérification et du maintien de la cohérence de l'ontologie modifiée. Ces travaux n'apportent pas de solutions concrètes à l'identification de nouvelles connaissances et à leur intégration dans une ontologie. Les travaux en ingénierie d'ontologies à partir de textes quant à eux traitent ce problème d'évolution comme un problème de reconstruction d'une nouvelle ontologie. Souvent, le résultat produit est complètement différent de l'ontologie à modifier. Par ailleurs, les logiciels d'évolution spécifiques à un domaine particulier rendent impossible leur utilisation dans d'autres domaines. Cette thèse propose une solution originale basée sur les systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs (AMAS) pour faire évoluer des ontologies à partir de textes. Chaque terme et concept sont représentés par un agent qui essaie de se situer au bon endroit dans l'organisation qui n'est autre que l'ontologie. Ce travail est concrétisé par un outil nommé DYNAMO. Un besoin d'évolution est déclenché par l'ajout de nouveaux textes dans un corpus de documents. DYNAMO utilise les résultats d'un extracteur de termes et de relations lexicales ainsi qu'un AMAS, nommé DYNAMO MAS, pour proposer une ontologie modifiée à un ontographe. Ce dernier interagit avec DYNAMO MAS via une interface graphique en modifiant l'ontologie proposée (déplacement, ajout, modification de concepts, de termes et/ou de relations), produisant ainsi des contraintes auxquelles l'AMAS doit s'adapter. Cette "coévolution" entre l'AMAS et l'ontographe cesse lorsque l'ontographe juge que l'ontologie modifiée est cohérente avec le nouveau corpus.An ontology is a structured representation of domain knowledge based on a conceptual network. Ontologies are considered as an essential support for the communication between software agents, the annotation of Web sites and textual resources to carry out semantic information retieval. Because domain knowledge can evolve, an ontology must also evolve to remain consistent with the domain that it models. Currently, studies on ontologies evolution are focusing on checking and maintaining the consistency of the evolved ontology. These works do not provide concrete solutions to the identification of new knowledge and its integration into an ontology. Ontology engineering from texts considers evolution as a problem of ontology reconstruction. The result produced by this kind of software is often completely different from the initial ontology. Moreover, it is almost impossible to reuse software designed only for a particular domain. This PhD thesis proposes an original solution based on adaptive multi-agent systems (AMAS) to evolve ontologies from texts. Each term and each concept are agentified and try to find its own right place in the AMAS organization that is the ontology. This work is implemented in a software called DYNAMO. An ontology evolution requirement is triggered by the addition of new texts in a corpus of documents. DYNAMO uses the results of a term extractor and a lexical relation extractor. These results are the input data of an AMAS, called DYNAMO MAS, that evolves an ontology and proposes it to an ontologist. Then, the ontologist interacts with DYNAMO MAS via a graphical interface by modifying the proposed ontology (moving, addition, suppression of concepts, terms and / or relationships). The ontologist's actions are feedback used by the AMAS to adapt the evolved ontology. This "coevolution" process between the AMAS and the ontologist ends when the ontologist judges that the modified ontology is consistent with the new corpus