Combining behavioural types with security analysis

Today's software systems are highly distributed and interconnected, and they increasingly rely on communication to achieve their goals; due to their societal importance, security and trustworthiness are crucial aspects for the correctness of these systems. Behavioural types, which extend data types by describing also the structured behaviour of programs, are a widely studied approach to the enforcement of correctness properties in communicating systems. This paper offers a unified overview of proposals based on behavioural types which are aimed at the analysis of security properties

Forensic Fisheries Science: Literature Review and Research Suggestions

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in litigation against the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Litigation may affect personnel throughout the agency, including scientists, whose work is often directly or indirectly influenced by complex legal requirements, but who may not be in a position to comment or engage in public dialogue. It may be helpful for scientists and other agency personnel to join the ongoing discussion in the legal community regarding the interface of science and law. This paper provides a starting point with a selected introduction to relevant legal literature in this area. It uses the phrase “forensic fisheries science” to describe the application of science to legal requirements in the fishery management context. It concludes with suggestions for future research that could assist NMFS scientists as they grapple with the challenge of using science to help the agency meet its complex legal requirements. Forensic: belonging to, used in, or suitable to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate; argumentative, rhetorical; relating to or dealing with the application of scientific knowledge to legal problems (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

On the Notion of Abstract Platform in MDA Development

Although platform-independence is a central property in MDA models, the study of platform-independence has been largely overlooked in MDA. As a consequence, there is a lack of guidelines to select abstraction criteria and modelling concepts for platform-independent design. In addition, there is little methodological support to distinguish between platform-independent and platform-specific concerns, which could be detrimental to the beneficial exploitation of the PIM-PSM separation-of-concerns adopted by MDA. This work is an attempt towards clarifying the notion of platform-independent modelling in MDA development. We argue that each level of platform-independence must be accompanied by the identification of an abstract platform. An abstract platform is determined by the platform characteristics that are relevant for applications at a certain level of platform-independence, and must be established by balancing various design goals. We present some methodological principles for abstract platform design, which forms a basis for defining requirements for design languages intended to support platform-independent design. Since our methodological framework is based on the notion of abstract platform, we pay particular attention to the definition of abstract platforms and the language requirements to specify abstract platforms. We discuss how the concept of abstract platform relates to UML

Innovative milieu and social capital - exploring conceptual complementarities (example of the Aachen region, Germany)

Since local systems of relationships (e.g. networks) have been recognized as crucial promoters of regional economic success and restructuring through industrial innovativeness, several concepts try to capture the essence of relevant developments. Much discussed notions such as industrial district, learning region, or innovative milieu each aim at highlighting certain facets of areas that prosper on the base of interacting agents. They represent specific, however complementary concepts, which are linked by the common central idea of the importance of intraregional collaboration. This paper picks up two approaches whose complementarities in explaining regional development and restructuring deserve to get further explored: innovative milieu and social capital. They both put into terms the benefits of trustful, information rich personal relationships in creating supportive externalities for innovative firms. In this regard the notion of social capital - originating from sociological discourse - has recently gained importance for explaining successful economic development as well. The following conceptual questions emerge and will be dealt with in the paper: In which ways can regional development theory profit by linking the milieu and social capital approaches? Are there important complementarities in connecting both concepts, or do we rather find redundancies as they both address the same categories of local interaction and must be considered kind of synonymous? The paper tries to explore these issues by combining theoretical considerations with the application to a case study. It first highlights major elements of both the concept of innovative milieus and the notion of social capital (in the context of regional economic development). The emphasis is put on deriving complementary aspects of both approaches: while the first one sets the spotlight on the qualities of heterogeneous networks of agents that creatively combine widely differing competencies, the second one rather relates to the collaboration externalities of more homogeneous groups of actors. It shall be shown that the connection of both concepts helps to better explain the role of personal and informal relationships of agents as promoters of innovation-based regional restructuring. The theoretical conclusions are then examplified by looking at the features and factors of industrial transformation of the German region of Aachen. Formerly an 'old industrialised' area based on textile and mining industries, Aachen has managed to successfully restructure its economy through the growing emergence of innovative, knowledge-intensive firms. This process, which has gained momentum since the mid 1980s, has its main foundations in formally and informally constructed systems of personal collaboration and mutual support. A closer look at the patterns of interaction reveals that this success can much better be explained when distinctions are drawn between milieu and social capital externalities.

Evaluating megaprojects: from the “iron triangle” to network mapping

Evaluation literature has paid relatively little attention to the specific needs of evaluating large, complex industrial and infrastructure projects, often called ‘megaprojects’. The abundant megaproject governance literature, in turn, has largely focused on the so-called ‘megaproject pathologies’, i.e. the chronic budget overruns, and failure of such projects to keep to timetables and deliver the expected social and economic benefits. This article draws on these two strands of literature, identifies shortcomings, and suggests potential pathways towards an improved evaluation of megaprojects. To counterbalance the current overemphasis on relatively narrowly defined accountability as the main function of megaproject evaluation, and the narrow definition of project success in megaproject evaluation, the article argues that conceptualizing megaprojects as dynamic and evolving networks would provide a useful basis for the design of an evaluation approach better able to promote learning and to address the socio economic aspects of megaprojects. A modified version of ‘network mapping’ is suggested as a possible framework for megaproject evaluation, with the exploration of the multiple accountability relationships as a central evaluation task, designed to reconcile learning and accountability as the central evaluation functions. The article highlights the role of evaluation as an ‘emergent’ property of spontaneous megaproject ‘governing’, and explores the challenges that this poses to the role of the evaluator

Blending Words & Numbers: Towards a Framework for Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Strategies for Organizational Research

Blending qualitative and quantitative research methods is widely propagatedas a strategy for both quality control and enrichment of organizationresearch. This has been recognized in the organization literature for morethan twenty years. However, during the last decade the progress in thepractice of research has not been altogether impressive. Ambiguity is one ofthe key problems in this respect. This paper tries to clarify the discussion onblended methods, by (1) clarifying concepts used to describe blendeddesign, (2) inventoririzing and categorizing the different forms and objectivesof blended design, and (3) developing a provisional framework. The studydeparts from the research practice, the sequences of action in concretestudies. The focus is on research as a process, rather than on specificmethods. Finally, the paper suggest some directions for a developmentprogram for blending methods.economics of technology ;

A Calculus for Orchestration of Web Services

Service-oriented computing, an emerging paradigm for distributed computing based on the use of services, is calling for the development of tools and techniques to build safe and trustworthy systems, and to analyse their behaviour. Therefore, many researchers have proposed to use process calculi, a cornerstone of current foundational research on specification and analysis of concurrent, reactive, and distributed systems. In this paper, we follow this approach and introduce CWS, a process calculus expressly designed for specifying and combining service-oriented applications, while modelling their dynamic behaviour. We show that CWS can model all the phases of the life cycle of service-oriented applications, such as publication, discovery, negotiation, orchestration, deployment, reconfiguration and execution. We illustrate the specification style that CWS supports by means of a large case study from the automotive domain and a number of more specific examples drawn from it