ONTOGENERATION: Reusing Domain and Linguistic Ontologies for Spanish Text Generation

A significant problem facing the reuse of ontologies is to make their content more widely accessible to any potential user. Wording all the information represented in an ontology is the best way to ease the retrieval and understanding of its contents. This article proposes a general approach to reuse domain and linguistic ontologies with natural language generation technology, describing a practical system for the generation of Spanish texts in the domain of chemical substances. For this purpose the following steps have been taken: (a) an ontology in the chemicals domain developed under the METHONTOLOGY framework and the Ontology Design Environment (ODE) has been taken as knowledge source; (b) the linguistic ontology GUM (Generalized Upper Model) used in other languages has been extended and modified for Spanish; (c) a Spanish grammar has been built following the systemic-functional model by using the KPML (Komet-Penman Multilingual) environment. As result, the final system named Ontogeneration permits the user to consult and retrieve all the information of the ontology in Spanish

Ontogeneration: Arquitectura basada en ontologías para la generación de textos en castellano

En este trabajo se presenta Ontogeneration, una arquitectura para generar textos en castellano utilizando ontologías lingüísticas y de dominio con la tecnología KPML de generación de lenguaje natural. Además se ha construido un sistema que genera textos en castellano en el dominio de las sustancias químicas. Para alcanzar tales resultados, se han seguido los siguientes pasos: a) se ha tomado como fuente de conocimiento una ontología en el dominio químico construida usando la metodología de desarrollo de ontologías llamada METHONTOLOGY y el Entorno de Diseño de Ontologías (Ontology Design Environment: ODE), b) se ha extendido y modificado la ontología lingüística GUM (Generalized Upper Model) para el castellano, c) se ha construido una gramática para el castellano siguiendo el modelo sistémico-funcional usando el entorno KPML (Komet Penman Multilingual). Se consigue, así, que los contenidos almacenados en la ontología de dominio sean accesibles por usuarios legos en la materia

ATMS-Based architecture for stylistics-aware text generation

This thesis is concerned with the effect of surface stylistic constraints (SSC) on syntactic and lexical choice within a unified generation architecture. Despite the fact that these issues have been investigated by researchers in the field, little work has been done with regard to system architectures that allow surface form constraints to influence earlier linguistic or even semantic decisions made throughout the NLG process. By SSC we mean those stylistic requirements that are known beforehand but cannot be tested until after the utterance or — in some lucky cases — until a proper linearised part of it has been generated. These include collocational constraints, text size limits, and poetic aspects such as rhyme and metre to name a few. This thesis introduces a new NLG architecture that can be sensitive to surface stylistic requirements. It brings together a well-founded linguistic theory that has been used in many successful NLG systems (Systemic Functional Linguistics, SFL) and an exist¬ ing AI search mechanism (the Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System, ATMS) which caches important search information and avoids work duplication. To this end, the thesis explores the logical relation between the grammar formalism and the search technique. It designs, based on that logical connection, an algorithm for the automatic translation of systemic grammar networks to ATMS dependency networks. The generator then uses the translated networks to generate natural language texts with a high paraphrasing power as a direct result of its ability to pursue multiple paths simultaneously. The thesis approaches the crucial notion of choice differently to previ¬ ous systems using SFL. It relaxes the choice process in that choosers are not obliged to deterministically choose a single alternative allowing SSC to influence the final lexical and syntactic decisions. The thesis also develops a situation-action framework for the specification of stylistic requirements independently of the micro-semantic input. The user or application can state what surface requirements they wish to impose and the ATMS-based generator then attempts to satisfy these constraints. Finally, a prototype ATMS-based generation system embodying the ideas presented in this thesis is implemented and evaluated. We examine the system's stylistic sensitivity by testing it on three different sets of stylistic requirements, namely: collocational, size, and poetic constraints

Tähendusepüüdja : pühendusteos professor Haldur Õimu 60. sünnipäevaks 22. jaanuaril 2002 = Catcher of the meaning : festschrift for Professor Haldur Õim on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Kopeerimine ja printimine lubatudhttp://www.ester.ee/record=b1589994*es

The adoption and impact of computer integrated prepress systems in the printing and publishing industries of Kuwait

This research is aimed at developing a comprehensive picture of the implications of digital technology in the graphic arts industries in Kuwait. The purpose of the study is twofold: (1) to explore the meaning of the outcomes of recent technological change processes for the traditional prepress occupations in Kuwait; and, (2) to examine the impact of technology on Arabic layout and design. The study is based on the assumption that technological change is a chain of interactions among the sociological, cultural, political and economic variables. The prepress area in Kuwait has its own cultural, social, economic, and political structure. When a new technology is introduced it is absorbed and shaped by the existing structure. Based on such a dialectical conceptualisation, four major levels of analysis can be distinguished in this study: (1) technological change in the graphic arts industries; (2) the typographic evolution of the Arabic script; (3) the workers themselves as individuals and occupational collectives; and, (4) technology's impact on Arabic publication design. The methodological approach selected for this study can be defined as a dialectical, interpretive exploration. Given the historical perspective and the multiple levels of analysis, this approach calls for a variety of data gathering methods. Both qualitative and quantitative data were sought. A combination of document analysis, participant observation and interviewing allow to link the historical and current events with individual and collective actions, perceptions and interpretations of reality. The findings presented in this study contradicts the belief that the widespread adoption of new production processes is coincidental with continuous advances in scientific knowledge which provide the basis for the development of new technologies. Instead, the changes have been hindered by the lack of untrained personnel, the Arabic software incompatibility, and the lack of informed decisions to successfully implement the technology. Without any doubt, the new technology has influenced Arabic calligraphy, but this does not mean the decay of Arabic calligraphy as an art. As this study shows, the challenge is not to the art, but to the artist