2,566 research outputs found
Biology of Applied Digital Ecosystems
A primary motivation for our research in Digital Ecosystems is the desire to
exploit the self-organising properties of biological ecosystems. Ecosystems are
thought to be robust, scalable architectures that can automatically solve
complex, dynamic problems. However, the biological processes that contribute to
these properties have not been made explicit in Digital Ecosystems research.
Here, we discuss how biological properties contribute to the self-organising
features of biological ecosystems, including population dynamics, evolution, a
complex dynamic environment, and spatial distributions for generating local
interactions. The potential for exploiting these properties in artificial
systems is then considered. We suggest that several key features of biological
ecosystems have not been fully explored in existing digital ecosystems, and
discuss how mimicking these features may assist in developing robust, scalable
self-organising architectures. An example architecture, the Digital Ecosystem,
is considered in detail. The Digital Ecosystem is then measured experimentally
through simulations, with measures originating from theoretical ecology, to
confirm its likeness to a biological ecosystem. Including the responsiveness to
requests for applications from the user base, as a measure of the 'ecological
succession' (development).Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure, conferenc
Digital Ecosystems: Ecosystem-Oriented Architectures
We view Digital Ecosystems to be the digital counterparts of biological
ecosystems. Here, we are concerned with the creation of these Digital
Ecosystems, exploiting the self-organising properties of biological ecosystems
to evolve high-level software applications. Therefore, we created the Digital
Ecosystem, a novel optimisation technique inspired by biological ecosystems,
where the optimisation works at two levels: a first optimisation, migration of
agents which are distributed in a decentralised peer-to-peer network, operating
continuously in time; this process feeds a second optimisation based on
evolutionary computing that operates locally on single peers and is aimed at
finding solutions to satisfy locally relevant constraints. The Digital
Ecosystem was then measured experimentally through simulations, with measures
originating from theoretical ecology, evaluating its likeness to biological
ecosystems. This included its responsiveness to requests for applications from
the user base, as a measure of the ecological succession (ecosystem maturity).
Overall, we have advanced the understanding of Digital Ecosystems, creating
Ecosystem-Oriented Architectures where the word ecosystem is more than just a
metaphor.Comment: 39 pages, 26 figures, journa
Internet of robotic things : converging sensing/actuating, hypoconnectivity, artificial intelligence and IoT Platforms
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is evolving rapidly and influencing newdevelopments in various application domains, such as the Internet of MobileThings (IoMT), Autonomous Internet of Things (A-IoT), Autonomous Systemof Things (ASoT), Internet of Autonomous Things (IoAT), Internetof Things Clouds (IoT-C) and the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) etc.that are progressing/advancing by using IoT technology. The IoT influencerepresents new development and deployment challenges in different areassuch as seamless platform integration, context based cognitive network integration,new mobile sensor/actuator network paradigms, things identification(addressing, naming in IoT) and dynamic things discoverability and manyothers. The IoRT represents new convergence challenges and their need to be addressed, in one side the programmability and the communication ofmultiple heterogeneous mobile/autonomous/robotic things for cooperating,their coordination, configuration, exchange of information, security, safetyand protection. Developments in IoT heterogeneous parallel processing/communication and dynamic systems based on parallelism and concurrencyrequire new ideas for integrating the intelligent âdevicesâ, collaborativerobots (COBOTS), into IoT applications. Dynamic maintainability, selfhealing,self-repair of resources, changing resource state, (re-) configurationand context based IoT systems for service implementation and integrationwith IoT network service composition are of paramount importance whennew âcognitive devicesâ are becoming active participants in IoT applications.This chapter aims to be an overview of the IoRT concept, technologies,architectures and applications and to provide a comprehensive coverage offuture challenges, developments and applications
Population Genomics of Polistes Wasps
The molecular mechanisms influencing the evolution of social behaviour in insects are of great interest and have been the focus of many recent studies. Chapter one of this thesis reviews several major hypotheses regarding the evolution of sociality. Chapter two outlines the methodological steps taken to generate a high quality population genomic data set for primitively eusocial paper wasps in the genus Polistes. The third chapter of the thesis uses the dataset generated in chapter two to estimate patterns of natural selection on the Polistes genome, and to evaluate the importance of novel and caste biased genes on the fitness of this primitively eusocial species
WebAL Comes of Age: A review of the first 21 years of Artificial Life on the Web
We present a survey of the first 21 years of web-based artificial life (WebAL) research and applications, broadly construed to include the many different ways in which artificial life and web technologies might intersect. Our survey covers the period from 1994âwhen the first WebAL work appearedâup to the present day, together with a brief discussion of relevant precursors. We examine recent projects, from 2010â2015, in greater detail in order to highlight the current state of the art. We follow the survey with a discussion of common themes and methodologies that can be observed in recent work and identify a number of likely directions for future work in this exciting area
Recent advances in industrial wireless sensor networks towards efficient management in IoT
With the accelerated development of Internet-of- Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN) are gaining importance in the continued advancement of information and communication technologies, and have been connected and integrated with Internet in vast industrial applications. However, given the fact that most wireless sensor devices are resource constrained and operate on batteries, the communication overhead and power consumption are therefore important issues for wireless sensor networks design. In order to efficiently manage these wireless sensor devices in a unified manner, the industrial authorities should be able to provide a network infrastructure supporting various WSN applications and services that facilitate the management of sensor-equipped real-world entities. This paper presents an overview of industrial ecosystem, technical architecture, industrial device management standards and our latest research activity in developing a WSN management system. The key approach to enable efficient and reliable management of WSN within such an infrastructure is a cross layer design of lightweight and cloud-based RESTful web service
A First Look at the Deprecation of RESTful APIs: An Empirical Study
REpresentational State Transfer (REST) is considered as one standard software
architectural style to build web APIs that can integrate software systems over
the internet. However, while connecting systems, RESTful APIs might also break
the dependent applications that rely on their services when they introduce
breaking changes, e.g., an older version of the API is no longer supported. To
warn developers promptly and thus prevent critical impact on downstream
applications, a deprecated-removed model should be followed, and
deprecation-related information such as alternative approaches should also be
listed. While API deprecation analysis as a theme is not new, most existing
work focuses on non-web APIs, such as the ones provided by Java and Android. To
investigate RESTful API deprecation, we propose a framework called RADA
(RESTful API Deprecation Analyzer). RADA is capable of automatically
identifying deprecated API elements and analyzing impacted operations from an
OpenAPI specification, a machine-readable profile for describing RESTful web
service. We apply RADA on 2,224 OpenAPI specifications of 1,368 RESTful APIs
collected from APIs.guru, the largest directory of OpenAPI specifications.
Based on the data mined by RADA, we perform an empirical study to investigate
how the deprecated-removed protocol is followed in RESTful APIs and
characterize practices in RESTful API deprecation. The results of our study
reveal several severe deprecation-related problems in existing RESTful APIs.
Our implementation of RADA and detailed empirical results are publicly
available for future intelligent tools that could automatically identify and
migrate usage of deprecated RESTful API operations in client code
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