2,317 research outputs found
A Faster Routing Scheme for Stationary Wireless Sensor Networks - A Hybrid Approach
A wireless sensor network consists of light-weight, low power, small size
sensor nodes. Routing in wireless sensor networks is a demanding task. This
demand has led to a number of routing protocols which efficiently utilize the
limited resources available at the sensor nodes. Most of these protocols are
either based on single hop routing or multi hop routing and typically find the
minimum energy path without addressing other issues such as time delay in
delivering a packet, load balancing, and redundancy of data. Response time is
very critical in environment monitoring sensor networks where typically the
sensors are stationary and transmit data to a base station or a sink node. In
this paper a faster load balancing routing protocol based on location with a
hybrid approach is proposed.Comment: 10 page
Traffic eavesdropping based scheme to deliver time-sensitive data in sensor networks
Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels, neighbouring sensor nodes may overhear packets transmissions from each other even if they are not the intended recipients of these transmissions. This redundant packet reception leads to unnecessary expenditure of battery energy of the recipients. Particularly in highly dense sensor networks, overhearing or eavesdropping overheads can constitute a significant fraction of the total energy consumption. Since overhearing of wireless traffic is unavoidable and sometimes essential, a new distributed energy efficient scheme is proposed in this paper. This new scheme exploits the inevitable overhearing effect as an effective approach in order to collect the required information to perform energy efficient delivery for data aggregation. Based on this approach, the proposed scheme achieves moderate energy consumption and high packet delivery rate notwithstanding the occurrence of high link failure rates. The performance of the proposed scheme is experimentally investigated a testbed of TelosB motes in addition to ns-2 simulations to validate the performed experiments on large-scale network
A State-of-the-art Survey on IDS for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless Mesh Networks
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) detects malicious and selfish nodes in a
network. Ad hoc networks are often secured by using either intrusion detection
or by secure routing. Designing efficient IDS for wireless ad-hoc networks that
would not affect the performance of the network significantly is indeed a
challenging task. Arguably, the most common thing in a review paper in the
domain of wireless networks is to compare the performances of different
solutions using simulation results. However, variance in multiple configuration
aspects including that due to different underlying routing protocols, makes the
task of simulation based comparative evaluation of IDS solutions somewhat
unrealistic. In stead, the authors have followed an analytic approach to
identify the gaps in the existing IDS solutions for MANETs and wireless mesh
networks. The paper aims to ease the job of a new researcher by exposing him to
the state of the art research issues on IDS. Nearly 80% of the works cited in
this paper are published with in last 3 to 4 years.Comment: Accepted for publication in PDCTA 2011 to be held in Chennair during
September 25-27, 201
Underwater Optical Wireless Communications, Networking, and Localization: A Survey
Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio
frequency (RF), and optical waves. Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic
and RF counterparts, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can
support higher data rates at low latency levels. However, severe aquatic
channel conditions (e.g., absorption, scattering, turbulence, etc.) pose great
challenges for UOWCs and significantly reduce the attainable communication
ranges, which necessitates efficient networking and localization solutions.
Therefore, we provide a comprehensive survey on the challenges, advances, and
prospects of underwater optical wireless networks (UOWNs) from a layer by layer
perspective which includes: 1) Potential network architectures; 2) Physical
layer issues including propagation characteristics, channel modeling, and
modulation techniques 3) Data link layer problems covering link configurations,
link budgets, performance metrics, and multiple access schemes; 4) Network
layer topics containing relaying techniques and potential routing algorithms;
5) Transport layer subjects such as connectivity, reliability, flow and
congestion control; 6) Application layer goals and state-of-the-art UOWN
applications, and 7) Localization and its impacts on UOWN layers. Finally, we
outline the open research challenges and point out the future directions for
underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization
research.Comment: This manuscript is submitted to IEEE Communication Surveys and
Tutorials for possible publicatio
Region Based Energy Balanced Inter-cluster communication Protocol for Sensor networks
Wireless sensor networks faces unbalanced energy consumption problem over
time. Clustering provides an energy efficient method to improve lifespan of the
sensor network. Cluster head collects data from other nodes and transmits it
towards the sink node. Cluster heads which are far-off from the sink, consumes
more power in transmission of information towards the sink. We propose Region
Based Energy Balanced Inter-cluster communication protocol (RBEBP) to improve
lifespan of the sensor network. Monitored area has been divided into regions;
cluster heads are selected from specific region based on the residual energy of
nodes in that region. If energy of nodes of the specific region is low, nodes
from another region are selected as cluster heads. Optimized selection of
cluster heads helps in improving lifespan of the sensor network. In our scheme,
cluster heads which are far-off from the sink use another cluster heads as the
relay nodes to transmit their data to the sink node. So energy of cluster heads
deplete in a uniform way and complete area remain covered by sensor nodes.
Simulation results demonstrate that RBEBP can effectively reduce total energy
depletion and considerably extend lifespan of the network as compared to LEACH
protocol. RBEBP also minimize the problem of energy holes in monitored area and
improve the throughput of the networkComment: NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION
PROCESSING (NCCCIP-2015) ISBN: 978-93-84935-27-
Markov Decision Processes with Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited
devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within
an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness
in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost,
WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology
formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object
detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are to make
optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design
goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process
(MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms
and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and
compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs
Survey of Important Issues in UAV Communication Networks
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in the public and
civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications where human lives
would otherwise be endangered. Multi-UAV systems can collaboratively complete
missions more efficiently and economically as compared to single UAV systems.
However, there are many issues to be resolved before effective use of UAVs can
be made to provide stable and reliable context-specific networks. Much of the
work carried out in the areas of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), and Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV
networks. UAV networks may vary from slow dynamic to dynamic; have intermittent
links and fluid topology. While it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would
be most suitable for UAV networks yet the architecture of multi-UAV networks
has been an understudied area. Software Defined Networking (SDN) could
facilitate flexible deployment and management of new services and help reduce
cost, increase security and availability in networks. Routing demands of UAV
networks go beyond the needs of MANETS and VANETS. Protocols are required that
would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power
constraints and changing link quality. UAVs may fail and the network may get
partitioned making delay and disruption tolerance an important design
consideration. Limited life of the node and dynamicity of the network leads to
the requirement of seamless handovers where researchers are looking at the work
done in the areas of MANETs and VANETs, but the jury is still out. As energy
supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute
towards greening of the network. This article surveys the work done towards all
of these outstanding issues, relating to this new class of networks, so as to
spur further research in these areas.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.3904 by
other author
A Survey of Delay Tolerant Networks Routing Protocols
Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have revolutionized the
digital age to a point where animate and inanimate objects can be used as a
communication channel. In addition, the ubiquity of mobile phones with
increasing capabilities and ample resources means people are now effectively
mobile sensors that can be used to sense the environment as well as data
carriers. These objects, along with their devices, form a new kind of networks
that are characterized by frequent disconnections, resource constraints and
unpredictable or stochastic mobility patterns. A key underpinning in these
networks is routing or data dissemination protocols that are designed
specifically to handle the aforementioned characteristics. Therefore, there is
a need to review state-of-the-art routing protocols, categorize them, and
compare and contrast their approaches in terms of delivery rate, resource
consumption and end-to-end delay. To this end, this paper reviews 63 unicast,
multicast and coding-based routing protocols that are designed specifically to
run in delay tolerant or challenged networks. We provide an extensive
qualitative comparison of all protocols, highlight their experimental setup and
outline their deficiencies in terms of design and research methodology. Apart
from that, we review research that aims to exploit studies on social networks
and epidemiology in order to improve routing protocol performance. Lastly, we
provide a list of future research directions.Comment: 56 page
Density-aware Dynamic Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges
We experience a major paradigm change in mobile networks. The infrastructure
of cellular networks becomes mobile as it is densified by using mobile and
nomadic small cells to increase coverage and capacity. Furthermore, the
innovative approaches such as green operation through sleep scheduling,
user-controlled small cells, and end-to-end slicing will make the network
highly dynamic. Mobile cells, while bringing many benefits, introduce many
unconventional challenges that we present in this paper. We have to introduce
novel techniques for adapting network functions, communication protocols and
their parameters to network density. Especially when cells on wheels or wings
are considered, static and man-made configurations will waste valuable
resources such as spectrum or energy if density is not considered as an
optimization parameter. In this paper, we present the existing density
estimators. We analyze the impact of density on coverage, interference,
mobility management, scalability, capacity, caching, routing protocols and
energy consumption. We evaluate nomadic cells in dynamic networks in a
comprehensive way and illustrate the potential objectives we can achieve by
adapting mobile networks to base station density. The main challenges we may
face by employing dynamic networks and how we can tackle these problems are
discussed in detail
Data Management in Industry 4.0: State of the Art and Open Challenges
Information and communication technologies are permeating all aspects of
industrial and manufacturing systems, expediting the generation of large
volumes of industrial data. This article surveys the recent literature on data
management as it applies to networked industrial environments and identifies
several open research challenges for the future. As a first step, we extract
important data properties (volume, variety, traffic, criticality) and identify
the corresponding data enabling technologies of diverse fundamental industrial
use cases, based on practical applications. Secondly, we provide a detailed
outline of recent industrial architectural designs with respect to their data
management philosophy (data presence, data coordination, data computation) and
the extent of their distributiveness. Then, we conduct a holistic survey of the
recent literature from which we derive a taxonomy of the latest advances on
industrial data enabling technologies and data centric services, spanning all
the way from the field level deep in the physical deployments, up to the cloud
and applications level. Finally, motivated by the rich conclusions of this
critical analysis, we identify interesting open challenges for future research.
The concepts presented in this article thematically cover the largest part of
the industrial automation pyramid layers. Our approach is multidisciplinary, as
the selected publications were drawn from two fields; the communications,
networking and computation field as well as the industrial, manufacturing and
automation field. The article can help the readers to deeply understand how
data management is currently applied in networked industrial environments, and
select interesting open research opportunities to pursue
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