1,534 research outputs found
A Survey on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis
Deep learning algorithms, in particular convolutional networks, have rapidly
become a methodology of choice for analyzing medical images. This paper reviews
the major deep learning concepts pertinent to medical image analysis and
summarizes over 300 contributions to the field, most of which appeared in the
last year. We survey the use of deep learning for image classification, object
detection, segmentation, registration, and other tasks and provide concise
overviews of studies per application area. Open challenges and directions for
future research are discussed.Comment: Revised survey includes expanded discussion section and reworked
introductory section on common deep architectures. Added missed papers from
before Feb 1st 201
Multimodality carotid plaque tissue characterization and classification in the artificial intelligence paradigm: a narrative review for stroke application
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States of America and globally. Carotid arterial plaque, a cause and also a marker of such CVD, can be detected by various non-invasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US). Characterization and classification of carotid plaque-type in these imaging modalities, especially into symptomatic and asymptomatic plaque, helps in the planning of carotid endarterectomy or stenting. It can be challenging to characterize plaque components due to (I) partial volume effect in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or (II) varying Hausdorff values in plaque regions in CT, and (III) attenuation of echoes reflected by the plaque during US causing acoustic shadowing. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have become an indispensable part of healthcare and their applications to the non-invasive imaging technologies such as MRI, CT, and the US. In this narrative review, three main types of AI models (machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning) are analyzed when applied to MRI, CT, and the US. A link between carotid plaque characteristics and the risk of coronary artery disease is presented. With regard to characterization, we review tools and techniques that use AI models to distinguish carotid plaque types based on signal processing and feature strengths. We conclude that AI-based solutions offer an accurate and robust path for tissue characterization and classification for carotid artery plaque imaging in all three imaging modalities. Due to cost, user-friendliness, and clinical effectiveness, AI in the US has dominated the most
Coronary Artery Segmentation and Motion Modelling
Conventional coronary artery bypass surgery requires invasive sternotomy and the
use of a cardiopulmonary bypass, which leads to long recovery period and has high
infectious potential. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) surgery
based on image guided robotic surgical approaches have been developed to allow the
clinicians to conduct the bypass surgery off-pump with only three pin holes incisions
in the chest cavity, through which two robotic arms and one stereo endoscopic camera
are inserted. However, the restricted field of view of the stereo endoscopic images leads
to possible vessel misidentification and coronary artery mis-localization. This results
in 20-30% conversion rates from TECAB surgery to the conventional approach.
We have constructed patient-specific 3D + time coronary artery and left ventricle
motion models from preoperative 4D Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
scans. Through temporally and spatially aligning this model with the intraoperative
endoscopic views of the patient's beating heart, this work assists the surgeon to identify
and locate the correct coronaries during the TECAB precedures. Thus this work has
the prospect of reducing the conversion rate from TECAB to conventional coronary
bypass procedures.
This thesis mainly focus on designing segmentation and motion tracking methods
of the coronary arteries in order to build pre-operative patient-specific motion models.
Various vessel centreline extraction and lumen segmentation algorithms are presented,
including intensity based approaches, geometric model matching method and
morphology-based method. A probabilistic atlas of the coronary arteries is formed
from a group of subjects to facilitate the vascular segmentation and registration procedures.
Non-rigid registration framework based on a free-form deformation model
and multi-level multi-channel large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping are
proposed to track the coronary motion. The methods are applied to 4D CTA images
acquired from various groups of patients and quantitatively evaluated
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Deep learning for cardiac image segmentation: A review
Deep learning has become the most widely used approach for cardiac image segmentation in recent years. In this paper, we provide a review of over 100 cardiac image segmentation papers using deep learning, which covers common imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US) and major anatomical structures of interest (ventricles, atria and vessels). In addition, a summary of publicly available cardiac image datasets and code repositories are included to provide a base for encouraging reproducible research. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations with current deep learning-based approaches (scarcity of labels, model generalizability across different domains, interpretability) and suggest potential directions for future research
SenseCare: A Research Platform for Medical Image Informatics and Interactive 3D Visualization
Clinical research on smart healthcare has an increasing demand for
intelligent and clinic-oriented medical image computing algorithms and
platforms that support various applications. To this end, we have developed
SenseCare research platform for smart healthcare, which is designed to boost
translational research on intelligent diagnosis and treatment planning in
various clinical scenarios. To facilitate clinical research with Artificial
Intelligence (AI), SenseCare provides a range of AI toolkits for different
tasks, including image segmentation, registration, lesion and landmark
detection from various image modalities ranging from radiology to pathology. In
addition, SenseCare is clinic-oriented and supports a wide range of clinical
applications such as diagnosis and surgical planning for lung cancer, pelvic
tumor, coronary artery disease, etc. SenseCare provides several appealing
functions and features such as advanced 3D visualization, concurrent and
efficient web-based access, fast data synchronization and high data security,
multi-center deployment, support for collaborative research, etc. In this
paper, we will present an overview of SenseCare as an efficient platform
providing comprehensive toolkits and high extensibility for intelligent image
analysis and clinical research in different application scenarios.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Left Ventricular Viability Maps : Fusion of Multimodal Images of Coronary Morphology and Functional Information
RÉSUMÉ
Les maladies coronariennes demeurent encore la première cause de décès aux Etats-Unis étant donné que le taux de mortalité lié à ces maladies enregistré en 2005 est d’une personne sur cinq. Les sténoses (obstructions des artères coronaires) se manifestent par un rétrécissement du diamètre des coronaires, produisant une ischémie soit une réduction du flot sanguin vers le myocarde (le muscle cardiaque). Dans les cas les plus graves, les cellules qui composent le myocarde meurent définitivement et perdent leur fonction contractile. En présence de cette maladie les cliniciens ont recours à l’imagerie médicale pour étudier l’état du myocarde afin de déterminer si les cellules qui le composent sont mortes ou non ainsi que pour diagnostiquer les sténoses dans les coronaires. Actuellement, le clinicien utilise l’imagerie nucléaire pour étudier la perfusion du myocarde afin de déterminer son état. Une projection de cette information sur un modèle segmenté du myocarde, soit le modèle à 17-segments, établie le lien entre les zones atteintes et les coronaires qui sont les plus responsables de leur irrigation. Ce n’est que par la suite, lors d’une angiographie, que le clinicien pourra identifier les sténoses et possiblement intervenir par revascularisation. Une autre méthode de visualisation de la structure coronarienne et de la présence de sténoses est la méthode Green Lane. Le clinicien reproduit la structure des coronaires sur une carte circulaire en se basant sur l’angiographie. L’objectif de notre projet de recherche est de créer un modèle spécifique au patient où il serait possible de voir les territoires coronariens sur la surface du myocarde fusionnés avec la viabilité myocardique. Ce modèle s’adapterait au patient et permettrait l’étude d’autres groupes de coronaires, ce qui n’est pas possible avec le modèle à 17-segments qui est fixe et ne présente que les trois groupes principaux de coronaires (coronaire droite, gauche et circonflexe). De plus, ce modèle divise la surface de l’épicarde en segments à partir de données statistiques qui sont limitées par la nature et la représentativité de l’échantillon de la population considérée et ne permet pas de visualiser la distribution de perte de viabilité sur la surface épicardique.---------- ABSTRACT
Coronary heart disease (CHD) can be attributed to the build up of plaque in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis) which leads to ischemia, an insufficient supply of blood to the heart wall, which results in myocardial dysfunction. When ischemia remains untreated an infarction may appear (areas of necrosis in cardiac tissues) and consequently the heart’s contractility is affected, which may lead to death. This disease is the basis of one of every five deaths in the United States during 2005, elevating this disease to the largest cause of death in United States. In standard clinical practice, perfusion and viability studies allow clinicians to examine the extent and the severity of CHD over the myocardium. Then, by consulting a population-based coronary territory model, such as the 17-segment model, the clinician mentally integrates affected areas of myocardium, found in nuclear or magnetic resonance imaging, to coronaries that typically irrigate this region with blood. However, population-based models do not fit every patient. There are individuals whose coronary tree structure deviates from that of the majority of the population. In addition, the 17-segment model limits the number of coronary groups to three: left coronary artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex (LCX). Moreover this map is not continuous; it divides the myocardial surface in segments.Our objective is therefore to create a patient-specific map explicitly combining coronary territories and myocardial viability. This continuous model would adapt to the patient and allow the study of groups of coronary unavailable with standard models. After having identified loss of viability, the clinician would use this model to infer the most likely obstructed coronary artery responsible for myocardial damage. Visualization of the loss of viability along with coronary structure would replace the physician’s task of mentally integrating information from various sources
Computer integrated system: medical imaging & visualization
The intent of this book’s conception is to present research work using a user centered design approach. Due to space constraints, the story of the journey, included in this book is relatively brief. However we believe that it manages to adequately represent the story of the journey, from its humble beginnings in 2008 to the point where it visualizes future trends amongst both researchers and practitioners across the Computer Science and Medical disciplines.
This book aims not only to present a representative sampling of real-world collaboration between said disciplines but also to provide insights into the different aspects related to the use of real-world Computer Assisted Medical applications. Readers and potential clients should find the information particularly useful in analyzing the benefits of collaboration between these two fields, the products in and of their institutions.
The work discussed here is a compilation of the work of several PhD students under my supervision, who have since graduated and produced several publications either in journals or proceedings of conferences. As their work has been published, this book will be more focused on the research methodology based on medical technology used in their research. The research work presented in this book partially encompasses the work under the MOA for collaborative Research and Development in the field of Computer Assisted Surgery and Diagnostics pertaining to Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases between UPM, UKM and IJN, spanning five years beginning from 15 Feb 2013
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