861 research outputs found
Scalable Schedule-Aware Bundle Routing
This thesis introduces approaches providing scalable delay-/disruption-tolerant routing capabilities in scheduled space topologies. The solution is developed for the requirements derived from use cases built according to predictions for future space topology, like the future Mars communications architecture report from the interagency operations advisory group. A novel routing algorithm is depicted to provide optimized networking performance that discards the scalability issues inherent to state-of-the-art approaches. This thesis also proposes a new recommendation to render volume management concerns generic and easily exchangeable, including a new simple management technique increasing volume awareness accuracy while being adaptable to more particular use cases. Additionally, this thesis introduces a more robust and scalable approach for internetworking between subnetworks to increase the throughput, reduce delays, and ease configuration thanks to its high flexibility.:1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Outline
2 Requirements
2.1 Use cases
2.2 Requirements
2.2.1 Requirement analysis
2.2.2 Requirements relative to the routing algorithm
2.2.3 Requirements relative to the volume management
2.2.4 Requirements relative to interregional routing
3 Fundamentals
3.1 Delay-/disruption-tolerant networking
3.1.1 Architecture
3.1.2 Opportunistic and deterministic DTNs
3.1.3 DTN routing
3.1.4 Contact plans
3.1.5 Volume management
3.1.6 Regions
3.2 Contact graph routing
3.2.1 A non-replication routing scheme
3.2.2 Route construction
3.2.3 Route selection
3.2.4 Enhancements and main features
3.3 Graph theory and DTN routing
3.3.1 Mapping with DTN objects
3.3.2 Shortest path algorithm
3.3.3 Edge and vertex contraction
3.4 Algorithmic determinism and predictability
4 Preliminary analysis
4.1 Node and contact graphs
4.2 Scenario
4.3 Route construction in ION-CGR
4.4 Alternative route search
4.4.1 Yen’s algorithm scalability
4.4.2 Blocking issues with Yen
4.4.3 Limiting contact approaches
4.5 CGR-multicast and shortest-path tree search
4.6 Volume management
4.6.1 Volume obstruction
4.6.2 Contact sink
4.6.3 Ghost queue
4.6.4 Data rate variations
4.7 Hierarchical interregional routing
4.8 Other potential issues
5 State-of-the-art and related work
5.1 Taxonomy
5.2 Opportunistic and probabilistic approaches
5.2.1 Flooding approaches
5.2.2 PROPHET
5.2.3 MaxProp
5.2.4 Issues
5.3 Deterministic approaches
5.3.1 Movement-aware routing over interplanetary networks
5.3.2 Delay-tolerant link state routing
5.3.3 DTN routing for quasi-deterministic networks
5.3.4 Issues
5.4 CGR variants and enhancements
5.4.1 CGR alternative routing table computation
5.4.2 CGR-multicast
5.4.3 CGR extensions
5.4.4 RUCoP and CGR-hop
5.4.5 Issues
5.5 Interregional routing
5.5.1 Border gateway protocol
5.5.2 Hierarchical interregional routing
5.5.3 Issues
5.6 Further approaches
5.6.1 Machine learning approaches
5.6.2 Tropical geometry
6 Scalable schedule-aware bundle routing
6.1 Overview
6.2 Shortest-path tree routing for space networks
6.2.1 Structure
6.2.2 Tree construction
6.2.3 Tree management
6.2.4 Tree caching
6.3 Contact segmentation
6.3.1 Volume management interface
6.3.2 Simple volume manager
6.3.3 Enhanced volume manager
6.4 Contact passageways
6.4.1 Regional border definition
6.4.2 Virtual nodes
6.4.3 Pathfinding and administration
7 Evaluation
7.1 Methodology
7.1.1 Simulation tools
7.1.2 Simulator extensions
7.1.3 Algorithms and scenarios
7.2 Offline analysis
7.3 Eliminatory processing pressures
7.4 Networking performance
7.4.1 Intraregional unicast routing tests
7.4.2 Intraregional multicast tests
7.4.3 Interregional routing tests
7.4.4 Behavior with congestion
7.5 Requirement fulfillment
8 Summary and Outlook
8.1 Conclusion
8.2 Future works
8.2.1 Next development steps
8.2.2 Contact graph routin
Performance Improvement of Multicommodity Flow of Tactile and Best Effort Packet in Internet Network
Multimedia-Internet
2ª ed. --164 p.Liburu honen lehen argitaraldia egin nuenetik igaro dira lau urte, eta iritsi da bere edukia berrikusteko garaia. Urte hauetan unibertsitateko ikasketetan erabili izan da liburua, eta erabilera horrek azaleratu egin ditu hobetzeko zenbait alderdi. Saihetsezinak suertatzen diren eguneraketak daude bigarren edizio honetan: ariketen bilduma berrikusita dago, zaharkituta geratu diren RFC agirien erreferentziak ordezkatu egin dira, eta erabilerarik gabeko euskarazko termino berriei nagusitu diren beste termino batzuek hartu diete tokia. Horrez gain, eduki berriak ere gehitu ditut, eta teknologikoki zaharkituta geratu direnak baztertu. Gehikuntza nagusiak streaming protokoloei, CDN sareei, eta ICE protokoloari dagozkie. Baztertuen artean, aipatzekoak dira ADSL teknologia, PIM-DM protokoloa eta LEDBAT algoritmoa. Azkenik, hainbat gairen azalpenak berregituratu ditut, edukiak beste era batean ordenatuta; aldaketarik handiena multicast teknologiaren azalpenean dago, lehen streamingari buruzko kapituluan zegoena laugarren kapitulura eraman baita.
Bestela, horrelako liburu baten beharrak hor dirau; hau da, euskarazko Informatika Ingeniaritzako eta antzeko ikasketetan horrelako liburuen sostengua behar da. Liburuak balio erantsia du gure testuinguruan: euskaraz dago idatzita, ez da beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako liburu baten itzulpena. Horretan datza bere bigarren helburua, egindako lanari zentzua benetan ematen diona: euskara idatzia zabaldu, orain arte inoiz urratu ez dituen bideetan. Oso gutxi daukagu idatzita, euskaraz, Internet- eta multimedia-teknologien inguruan. Hutsune hori betetzera etorri zen liburua orain dela lau urte, teknologia horien inguruan lan egiten duten, dibertitzen diren, eta ikasten edo irakasten duten euskaldunei bidea samurrago egitera. Liburu honi esker euskaldunoi errazagoa egiten bazaigu multimedia-Interneterako teknologiaz hitz egitea eta idaztea, helburua beteta dago
Machine learning for Quality of Experience in real-time applications
L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Υλοποίηση Ιδιωτικών και Δημόσιων Δικτύων 5ης Γενιάς
Τα δίκτυα πέμπτης γενιάς (5G) αποτελούν μία από τις σημαντικότερες τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις στον τομέα των τηλεπικοινωνιών, καθώς επιτρέπουν τη μετάδοση μεγαλύτερου όγκου δεδομένων σε χαμηλότερο χρόνο απόκρισης και διευκολύνουν την επικοινωνία μεταξύ συσκευών. Με την εισαγωγή των δικτύων 5G, αναμένεται να δημιουργηθούν νέες δυνατότητες και ευκαιρίες σε πολλούς διαφορετικούς τομείς όπως η υγεία ή η βιομηχανία. Επίσης, οι τεχνολογίες του 5G μπορούν να ενισχύσουν την αυτοματοποίηση και την επικοινωνία μεταξύ μηχανών βελτιώνοντας την απόδοση, την παραγωγικότητα και την ασφάλεια.
Σημαντικό παράγοντα στην εξέλιξη των δικτύων 5G αποτελεί το Διαδίκτυο των Πραγμάτων (IoT) το οποίο αναφέρεται σε ένα δίκτυο συνδεδεμένων συσκευών και αντικειμένων που επιτρέπουν την ανταλλαγή δεδομένων και την αλληλεπίδρασή τους μεταξύ τους μέσω του Διαδικτύου. Οι συσκευές IoT μπορούν να συνδεθούν και να αλληλοεπιδράσουν μεταξύ τους, ανταλλάσσοντας δεδομένα και επιτρέποντας τη λήψη αποφάσεων και την αυτόματη εκτέλεση ενεργειών.
Υπάρχουν διάφορα πεδία σύγκλισης μεταξύ αυτών των δύο τεχνολογιών. Ένα από αυτά είναι η αυξημένη συνδεσιμότητα καθώς το 5G παρέχει ανώτερη ταχύτητα και χωρητικότητα, καθώς και χαμηλή καθυστέρηση, που επιτρέπει την αποτελεσματική συνδεσιμότητα για μεγάλο αριθμό συσκευών IoT. Σημαντικά επίσης πεδία σύγκλισης αποτελεί η ανάπτυξη προηγμένων εφαρμογών και οι λειτουργίες διαχείρισης ενέργειας από τις συσκευές IoT.
Επίσης, το 5G παρέχει τη δυνατότητα υλοποίησης τόσο δημόσιων όσο και ιδιωτικών δικτύων. Τα δημόσια δίκτυα 5G είναι ευρέως προσβάσιμα δίκτυα που παρέχουν κινητή τηλεφωνία και διαδικτυακές υπηρεσίες σε ευρύ κοινό, ενώ τα ιδιωτικά δίκτυα 5G είναι δίκτυα που υλοποιούνται για ειδικές εφαρμογές και αποκλειστική χρήση από μια οργάνωση ή μια ομάδα οργανώσεων.
Η παρούσα εργασία παρέχει αρχικά μια εκτενή βιβλιογραφική μελέτη των δικτύων 5ης γενιάς και του Διαδικτύου των Πραγμάτων (IoT) καθώς και ορισμένων σημαντικών εφαρμογών που προκύπτουν από την σύγκλιση των δύο. Στη συνέχεια, έχει ως στόχο την παρουσίαση μιας μελέτης υλοποίησης ενός Ιδιωτικού δικτύου 5ης γενιάς και των εφαρμογών ΙοΤ που μπορεί να υποστηρίξει. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αναλύεται η περίπτωση της Έξυπνης Γεωργίας στον Θεσσαλικό κάμπο μέσα από την χρήση μιας IoT πλατφόρμας (ThingSpeak) που μπορεί να εκτελέσει όλες τις λειτουργίες που απαιτούνται για την καλύτερη κατανόηση του τομέα αυτού.The fifth-generation (5G) networks represent one of the most significant technological advancements in the telecommunications industry, enabling the transmission of larger volumes of data with lower latency and facilitating communication between devices. With the introduction of 5G networks, new possibilities and opportunities are expected to arise in various sectors such as healthcare and industry. Additionally, 5G technologies can enhance automation and machine-to-machine communication, improving performance, productivity, and security.
A crucial factor in the evolution of 5G networks is the Internet of Things (IoT), which refers to a network of interconnected devices and objects that enable data exchange and interaction through the Internet. IoT devices can connect and interact with each other, exchanging data and enabling decision-making and automatic execution of actions.
There are several areas of convergence between these two technologies. One of them is increased connectivity, as 5G provides superior speed and capacity, as well as low latency, enabling efficient connectivity for a large number of IoT devices. Other significant areas of convergence include the development of advanced applications and energy management functions by IoT devices.
Furthermore, 5G enables the implementation of both public and private networks. Public 5G networks are widely accessible networks that provide mobile telephony and internet services to the general public, while private 5G networks are implemented for specific applications and exclusive use by an organization or a group of organizations.
This thesis initially provides an extensive literature review of 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as some important applications resulting from the convergence of the two. It then aims to present a case study on the implementation of a private 5G network and the IoT applications it can support. Specifically, the case of Smart Agriculture in the Thessalian plain is analyzed through the use of an IoT platform (ThingSpeak) capable of performing all the required functions for a better understanding of this field
RETRACTED: Analyzing challenging aspects of IPv6 over IPv4
This article has been retracted by the publisher.
This article has been retracted at the request of The International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) report because of misconduct and plagiarism. The document and its content have been removed from the Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika, and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article
Enhancing User Experience by Extracting Application Intelligence from Network Traffic
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) continue to get complaints from users on poor experience for diverse Internet applications ranging from video streaming and gaming to social media and teleconferencing. Identifying and rectifying the root cause of these experience events requires the ISP to know more than just coarse-grained measures like link utilizations and packet losses. Application classification and experience measurement using traditional deep packet inspection (DPI) techniques is starting to fail with the increasing adoption of traffic encryption and is not cost-effective with the explosive growth in traffic rates. This thesis leverages the emerging paradigms of machine learning and programmable networks to design and develop systems that can deliver application-level intelligence to ISPs at scale, cost, and accuracy that has hitherto not been achieved before.
This thesis makes four new contributions. Our first contribution develops a novel transformer-based neural network model that classifies applications based on their traffic shape, agnostic to encryption. We show that this approach has over 97% f1-score for diverse application classes such as video streaming and gaming. Our second contribution builds and validates algorithmic and machine learning models to estimate user experience metrics for on-demand and live video streaming applications such as bitrate, resolution, buffer states, and stalls. For our third contribution, we analyse ten popular latency-sensitive online multiplayer games and develop data structures and algorithms to rapidly and accurately detect each game using automatically generated signatures. By combining this with active latency measurement and geolocation analysis of the game servers, we help ISPs determine better routing paths to reduce game latency. Our fourth and final contribution develops a prototype of a self-driving network that autonomously intervenes just-in-time to alleviate the suffering of applications that are being impacted by transient congestion. We design and build a complete system that extracts application-aware network telemetry from programmable switches and dynamically adapts the QoS policies to manage the bottleneck resources in an application-fair manner. We show that it outperforms known queue management techniques in various traffic scenarios. Taken together, our contributions allow ISPs to measure and tune their networks in an application-aware manner to offer their users the best possible experience
Estimación del rendimiento de la codificación Dash en la transmisión de video streaming
Propone un método para evaluar el rendimiento de la técnica MPEG-DASH en la entrega del streaming de video. Para ello se mide la similitud del video original, transmitido por el servidor, con el video recepcionado en el cliente. Finalmente, se valida el procedimiento seguido, con un modelo matematico de evaluación de la calidad de experiencia (QoE) del video
Modelo de correlación QoS-QoE en un ambiente de aprovisionamiento de servicio de telecomunicaciones OTT-Telco
ANTECEDENTES
El aprovisionamiento de la Calidad de la Experiencia (QoE) en servicios de telecomunicaciones requiere de sistemas
de gestión que permitan monitorizar y controlar la QoE de los usuarios luego de consumir diferentes servicios de
internet provistos sobre la red del operador. En efecto, el consumo elevado de datos por parte de los usuarios requiere,
a nivel de gestión de la red, la asignación de recursos suficientes para el correcto funcionamiento de los servicios. En
particular, la configuración de la Calidad del Servicio (QoS) ofrecida por el operador dentro de su dominio de operación
se torna fundamental para proveer un tratamiento apropiado del tráfico, permitiendo que la percepción de la calidad
del servicio por parte de los usuarios finales pueda mantenerse dentro del umbral de tolerancia de acuerdo con las
políticas establecidas por la compañía de telecomunicaciones (Telco). En consecuencia, un modelo de correlación
QoS-QoE es clave en el aprovisionamiento de servicios de internet sobre la infraestructura del operador de
telecomunicaciones.
OBJETIVOS
La presente tesis de doctorado se centra en proponer un modelo de correlación QoS-QoE en un ambiente de
aprovisionamiento de servicios de telecomunicaciones OTT-Telco. Para ello, cinco acciones generales deben llevarse
a cabo; a saber: () caracterizar los parámetros de QoS que mayor efecto tienen en la degradación de servicios OTT.
() determinar las características, condiciones, parámetros y medidas de QoE en la prestación de un servicio OTT.
() establecer las condiciones y restricciones de prestación de un servicio OTT en la infraestructura de una Telco que
mantenga una buena relación QoS-QoE. () desarrollar un mecanismo de estimación o predicción de QoE con base
en los factores de influencia de QoS que afectan la prestación de un servicio OTT. () evaluar experimentalmente el
modelo de correlación QoE-QoS.
MÉTODOS
Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos, se definió un modelo integrado por un macro-componente Conceptualización y
otro Operacional. El macro-componente Conceptualización está orientado por el referente metodológico para la
construcción de marcos conceptuales de Jabareen, y el macro-componente Operacional está alineado con las fases
definidas para el desarrollo de proyectos de minería de datos, CRISP-DM. Adicionalmente, se emplearon diseños de
comprobación para los algoritmos, con el fin de comprobar la validez del modelo de estimación basado en algoritmos
de aprendizaje automático; es decir, el modelo de estimación fue evaluado a partir de un diseño de comprobación
donde se definen, para cada uno de los algoritmos, los parámetros iniciales de operación, las configuraciones de las
diferentes pruebas, y las métricas usadas para evaluar su desempeño.
RESULTADOS
Los resultados más importantes alcanzados son los siguientes: un mapa estratégico del estado de la ciencia en el
aprovisionamiento de la QoE para servicios OTT, una conceptualización de los perfiles del modelo de correlación, un
modelo matemático para la valoración de la QoE de acuerdo con el comportamiento de consumo de los usuarios, un
conjunto de datos de tráfico etiquetado que relaciona el comportamiento de la red con la percepción de la calidad de
los usuarios, y un modelo de estimación de la QoE de los usuarios a partir del comportamiento de tráfico de la red.
CONCLUSIONES
El modelo de correlación QoS-QoE puede ser empleado en sistemas gestión de la QoE donde se requiere por parte
de la Telco un diagnóstico y monitorización más objetiva de la percepción de la calidad del servicio por parte de sus
usuarios dentro su red de aprovisionamiento. De igual manera, el empleo de parámetros adicionales de contexto de
usuario enriquecería los sistemas de gestión de la QoE en el aprovisionamiento de servicios OTT.BACKGROUND
Quality of Experience (QoE) provisioning requires robust QoE-centric network and application management on Telco
network for providing internet services. Indeed, traffic growth over Telco network demands resource allocation for
service well performance. Particularly, Quality of Service (QoS) configuration offered by network provider operational
domain becomes a key component for traffic control in a proper manner. Hence, the quality of services perceived can
be managed within a tolerance threshold according to telecom operator policies. Therefore, a QoS-QoE correlational
model for internet services provisioning over the telecom operator infrastructure is required.
AIMS
The doctoral thesis is focused on propose a correlation QoS-QoE model for provisioning telecommunications services
in OTT-Telco context. To this end, five goals must be accomplishing. () To characterize QoS parameters that more
impact have on OTT services performance. () To determinate QoE assumptions, features, parameters, and metrics
for OTT service provisioning. () To establish the assumptions and restrictions for providing a well QoS-QoE relation
in the telecom operator. () To develop an estimation model for QoE based on QoS factors in the OTT services
provisioning. () To evaluate the correlation QoS-QoE model.
METHODS
To accomplish the aims, a model with a Conceptual and Operational macro-component was structured. The Conceptual
macro-component is based on the principles for building conceptual frameworks by Jabareen, and an Operational
macro-component aligned with data mining project development phases, CRISP-DM. Furthermore, test bed design was
structured to validate the estimation model base on machine learning algorithms; namely, algorithms initial parameters,
some tests setup, and regression metrics were determined on a test bed for validate the performance of the estimation
model proposed
RESULTS
The most relevant results achieved are the following: a strategic science map in the QoE provisioning for OTT services,
three conceptual profiles as part of the correlation QoS-QoE model, a mathematical model for QoE assessment
according to user consumption behavior, a label traffic dataset that relates the traffic network with quality of services
perception, and estimation QoE model for users based on traffic flows.
CONCLUSIONS
The QoS-QoE correlational model can be applied in QoE-Driven application and network management in which an
objective controlling and monitoring of quality of services perception by users is required. Moreover, additional user
context parameters could be taking account for improving the QoE management systems in OTT services provisioning.Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Informática por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Jesús García Herrero.- Secretario: José Armando Ordóñez Córdoba.- Vocal: Juan Carlos Cuéllar Quiñóne
- …