An Entailment Relation for Reasoning on the Web

Reasoning on the Web is receiving an increasing attention because of emerging fields such as Web adaption and Semantic Web. Indeed, the advanced functionalities striven for in these fields call for reasoning capabilities. Reasoning on the Web, however, is usually done using existing techniques rarely fitting the Web. As a consequence, additional data processing like data conversion from Web formats (e.g. XML or HTML) into some other formats (e.g. classical logic terms and formulas) is often needed and aspects of the Web (e.g. its inherent inconsistency) are neglected. This article first gives requirements for an entailment tuned to reasoning on the Web. Then, it describes how classical logic’s entailment can be modified so as to enforce these requirements. Finally, it discusses how the proposed entailment can be used in applying logic programming to reasoning on the Web

05061 Abstracts Collection -- Foundations of Semistructured Data

From 06.02.05 to 11.02.05, the Dagstuhl Seminar 05061 ``Foundations of Semistructured Data\u27\u27 was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

State-of-the-art on evolution and reactivity

This report starts by, in Chapter 1, outlining aspects of querying and updating resources on the Web and on the Semantic Web, including the development of query and update languages to be carried out within the Rewerse project. From this outline, it becomes clear that several existing research areas and topics are of interest for this work in Rewerse. In the remainder of this report we further present state of the art surveys in a selection of such areas and topics. More precisely: in Chapter 2 we give an overview of logics for reasoning about state change and updates; Chapter 3 is devoted to briefly describing existing update languages for the Web, and also for updating logic programs; in Chapter 4 event-condition-action rules, both in the context of active database systems and in the context of semistructured data, are surveyed; in Chapter 5 we give an overview of some relevant rule-based agents frameworks

Secondary Teachers’ Family Engagement Practices Targeting Academic Achievement for Hispanic Students

Teachers’ engagement practices with Hispanic families are contributing to the continuing disparities in academic achievement between Hispanic and other students. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore secondary teachers’ perceptions about the challenges of building engagement with Hispanic families. The conceptual framework guiding the study included Epstein’s theory of overlapping spheres of influence and Yosso’s theory of cultural wealth, which together provided an ecological-social and critical race framework to ground the study’s problem, purpose, and methodology. The key research questions revolved around participants’ perceptions of (a) challenges in Hispanic family engagement, (b) family engagement practices improving student performance, and (c) family engagement practices demonstrating the activation of Hispanic families’ cultural wealth or the overlap between spheres of influence in Hispanic students’ lives. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 15 secondary level general education teachers from a medium-sized urban school district in the Northeastern United States who participated in audio recorded semistructured interviews on the virtual Zoom platform. Braun and Clarke’s 6-phase thematic analysis was used to guide the inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts. The three final themes prevalent in the findings and that addressed the study’s three research questions were obstacles in engaging Hispanic families, inconsistent and isolated family engagement practices, and teachers as experts and value setters. A potential positive social change implication is that the study may inform teacher-parent engagement practices found to be effective in improving Hispanic student performance in the areas of academics and social-emotional functioning

Project Managers\u27 Capacity-Planning Practices for Infrastructure Projects in Qatar

Infrastructure project delays and cost overrun are caused by ineffective use of organizational skills, processes, and resources by project managers in the construction industry. Cost overrun and schedule delay in Qatari infrastructure projects have had damaging effects on the national economy by way of claims and litigation, contractual disputes, delays in dependent projects, and project abandonment. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the perceptions of project managers regarding how they utilize capacity-planning practices to mitigate project schedule delay and cost overrun in government-funded infrastructure projects in Qatar. This study was framed by three conceptual models developed by Gill to outline the capacity management needs within a construction company: (a) the time horizon model, (b) the individual-organization-industry levels model, and (c) the capacity development across components model. Date were collected from semistructured interviews with 8 participants, observational field notes, and archival data regarding Qatari infrastructure project managers\u27 experiences in capacity-planning practices. Thematic analysis of textual data and cross-case synthesis analysis yielded 5 conceptual categories that encompassed 15 themes. The conceptual categories were (a) resources to meet performance capacity, (b) knowledgeable and skillful staff, (c) short- and long-term planning strategy, (d) cost overrun issue, and (e) time management. Findings may be used to promote timely completion of infrastructure projects, which may benefit citizens, construction companies, and the economy of Qatar

Supporting Multiple Paths to Objects in Information Hierarchies: Faceted Classification, Faceted Search, and Symbolic Links

We present three fundamental, interrelated approaches to support multiple access paths to each terminal object in information hierarchies: faceted classification, faceted search, and web directories with embedded symbolic links. This survey aims to demonstrate how each approach supports users who seek information from multiple perspectives. We achieve this by exploring each approach, the relationships between these approaches, including tradeoffs, and how they can be used in concert, while focusing on a core set of hypermedia elements common to all. This approach provides a foundation from which to study, understand, and synthesize applications which employ these techniques. This survey does not aim to be comprehensive, but rather focuses on thematic issues

Exploring Teachers’ Perspectives of the PBIS Program in Fourth and Fifth Grade Classrooms

The Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) program is an evidenced-based framework with over 20 years of research and 25 years in addressing student misbehavior in U.S. public schools. The program utilizes a systems-based approach where schools can proactively document data in helping to make decisions toward promoting positive student behavior. As the need for effective resources for classroom behavioral management increases, teachers need support to ensure there is an alternative recourse that can be employed to assist with managing student behavior. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore elementary teachers’ perspectives and experiences regarding the PBIS approach in fourth and fifth grade classrooms. The primary research question that guided this study was: What are teachers’ perspectives and experiences regarding the PBIS program in fourth and fifth grade classrooms? The data collection instruments from 10 teacher participants were initial semistructured interviews, secondary semistructured interviews, and documents (artifacts). The inductive analysis model was used to analyze the collected data from the initial and secondary semistructured interviews. Typological analysis was used to analyze the documents collected in the study. The key findings revealed that teacher participants experienced limited, inconsistent, or no teacher training in the PBIS approach. The teacher participants understood the importance of using the PBIS approach or other educational resources to teach positive student behavior and to assist them in learning pedagogical approaches in behavior management