82,685 research outputs found
Measuring the software process and product: Lessons learned in the SEL
The software development process and product can and should be measured. The software measurement process at the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) has taught a major lesson: develop a goal-driven paradigm (also characterized as a goal/question/metric paradigm) for data collection. Project analysis under this paradigm leads to a design for evaluating and improving the methodology of software development and maintenance
Quantitative validation of PEDFLOW for description of unidirectional pedestrian dynamics
The results of a systematic quantitative validation of PEDFLOW based on the
experimental data from FZJ are presented. Unidirectional flow experiments,
totaling 28 different combinations with varying entry, corridor and exit
widths, were considered. The condition imposed on PEDFLOW was that all the
cases should be run with the same input parameters. The exit times and
fundamental diagrams for the measuring region were evaluated and compared. This
validation process led to modifications and enhancements of the model
underlying PEDFLOW. The preliminary conclusions indicate that the results agree
well for densities smaller than 3 m-2 and a good agreement is observed even at
high densities for the corridors with bcor = 2.4 m, and bcor = 3.0 m. For
densities between 1 and 2 m-2 the specific flow and velocities are
underpredicted by PEDFLOW.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 Table, conference PED201
Software development: A paradigm for the future
A new paradigm for software development that treats software development as an experimental activity is presented. It provides built-in mechanisms for learning how to develop software better and reusing previous experience in the forms of knowledge, processes, and products. It uses models and measures to aid in the tasks of characterization, evaluation and motivation. An organization scheme is proposed for separating the project-specific focus from the organization's learning and reuse focuses of software development. The implications of this approach for corporations, research and education are discussed and some research activities currently underway at the University of Maryland that support this approach are presented
Cell reorientation under cyclic stretching
Mechanical cues from the extracellular microenvironment play a central role
in regulating the structure, function and fate of living cells. Nevertheless,
the precise nature of the mechanisms and processes underlying this crucial
cellular mechanosensitivity remains a fundamental open problem. Here we provide
a novel framework for addressing cellular sensitivity and response to external
forces by experimentally and theoretically studying one of its most striking
manifestations -- cell reorientation to a uniform angle in response to cyclic
stretching of the underlying substrate. We first show that existing approaches
are incompatible with our extensive measurements of cell reorientation. We then
propose a fundamentally new theory that shows that dissipative relaxation of
the cell's passively-stored, two-dimensional, elastic energy to its minimum
actively drives the reorientation process. Our theory is in excellent
quantitative agreement with the complete temporal reorientation dynamics of
individual cells, measured over a wide range of experimental conditions, thus
elucidating a basic aspect of mechanosensitivity.Comment: For supplementary materials, see
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140530/ncomms4938/extref/ncomms4938-s1.pd
Magnetic excitations in the S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic chain compound BaCu2V2O8 at zero and finite temperature
Unlike most quantum systems which rapidly become incoherent as temperature is
raised, strong correlations persist at elevated temperatures in dimer
magnets, as revealed by the unusual asymmetric lineshape of their excitations
at finite temperatures. Here we quantitatively explore and parameterize the
strongly correlated magnetic excitations at finite temperatures using the high
resolution inelastic neutron scattering on the model compound
BaCuVO which we show to be an alternating
antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic spin chain. Comparison to state of the
art computational techniques shows excellent agreement over a wide temperature
range. Our findings hence demonstrate the possibility to quantitatively predict
coherent behavior at elevated temperatures in quantum magnets.Comment: 5 pages + 6 pages supplement; problems with list of references are
fixe
Crucial role of side walls for granular surface flows: consequences for the rheology
In this paper we study the steady uniform flows that develop when granular
material is released from a hopper on top of a static pile in a channel. We
more specifically focus on the role of side walls by carrying out experiments
in setup of different widths, from narrow channels 20 particle diameters wide
to channels 600 particle diameters wide. Results show that steady flows on pile
are entirely controlled by side wall effects. A theoretical model, taking into
account the wall friction and based on a simple local constitutive law recently
proposed for other granular flow configurations (GDR MiDi 2004), gives
predictions in quantitative agreement with the measurements. This result gives
new insights in our understanding of free surface granular flows and strongly
supports the relevance of the constitutive law proposed.Comment: a forgotten square root in Appendix B (Eq B4), and corrected
coefficients in Appendix C; 25 pages, 17 figures, published in J. Fluid Mec
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