Planning and operation objectives of public electric vehicle charging infrastructures: a review

Planning public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor in the electrification of mobility and decarbonization of the transport sector. In order to achieve a high level of electrification in mobility, in recent years, different studies have been presented, proposing novel practices and methodologies for the planning and operation of electric vehicles charging infrastructure. In this paper, the authors present an up-to-date analysis of the existing literature in this research field, organized by considering the perspectives and objectives of the principal actors/operators of the EV public charging infrastructure value chain. Among these actors, the electric vehicle, the charging operators and service providers, and the power system infrastructure (transmission and distribution system) are analyzed in depth. By classifying the reviewed literature based on this manifold viewpoints approach, this paper aims to facilitate researchers and technology developers in exploring the state-of-the-art methodologies for each actor’s perspective, and identify conflicting interests and synergies in charging infrastructure operation and planning.The authors would like to thank the Research Council of Norway and industry partners for the support in writing this paper under project 295133/E20FuChar—Grid and Charging Infrastructure of the Future https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/en/project/FORISS/295133?Kilde=F ORISS&distribution=Ar&chart=bar&calcType=funding&Sprak=no&sortBy=score&sortOrder=desc& resultCount=30&offset=0&Fritekst=fuchar&source=FORISS&projectId=295133 (accessed on 23 June 2023). The authors gratefully acknowledge Michele Garau, Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, and Daniel Mota from SINTEF Energy Research for their contribution to the conceptualization and review of the article. The work of Andreas Sumper was supported by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Academia Program.Postprint (published version

The Critical Role of Public Charging Infrastructure

Editors: Peter Fox-Penner, PhD, Z. Justin Ren, PhD, David O. JermainA decade after the launch of the contemporary global electric vehicle (EV) market, most cities face a major challenge preparing for rising EV demand. Some cities, and the leaders who shape them, are meeting and even leading demand for EV infrastructure. This book aggregates deep, groundbreaking research in the areas of urban EV deployment for city managers, private developers, urban planners, and utilities who want to understand and lead change

17-07 Phase-II: Community-Aware Charging Station Network Design for Electrified Vehicles in Urban Areas: \u3c/i\u3e Reducing Congestion, Emissions, Improving Accessibility, and Promoting Walking, Bicycling, and use of Public Transportation

A major challenge for achieving large-scale adoption of EVs is an accessible infrastructure for the communities. The societal benefits of large-scale adoption of EVs cannot be realized without adequate deployment of publicly accessible charging stations due to mutual dependence of EV sales and public infrastructure deployment. Such infrastructure deployment also presents a number of unique opportunities for promoting livability while helping to reduce the negative side-effects of transportation (e.g., congestion, emissions, and noise pollution). In this phase, we develop a modeling framework (MF) to consider various factors and their associated uncertainties for an optimal network design for electrified vehicles. The factors considered in the study include: state of charge, dwell time, Origin-Destination (OD) pair

Determining the Ability of Distributed Generation to Relieve Stress Placed on the Grid by Electric Vehicle Charging

The increased penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) within the market presents the challenge of how to best integrate and charge these vehicles without causing undue stress to the grid. Public charging, in particular, fast DC charging technologies can cause stress to the grid, including voltage deviations, increased loading, and power losses, leading municipal utilities to hesitate on approval. Distributed Generation (DG) provides a generation source closer to the load, which can offset these stresses. These DG units can be coupled with the installation of charging stations, providing on-site electricity supply; multiple DGs can be used in situations where on-site DG is not feasible. While the goal of EVs is to obtain a more environmentally friendly way of transportation, the electricity used to charge them must have a quick ramp up speed and, thus, is generated by coal plants. However, DG, generating locally, from renewable sources and with cleaner technology, has great potential to relieve stress to the grid as an alternative to conventional power plants, while also helping reach the goal of “green” transportation. The purpose of this project is to determine DG’s capability of relieving EV induced stress onto the grid and to investigate strategies maximizing this benefit. Through the use of Ladder Iterative Power flow techniques, an accepted methodology, and simulations of a standard IEEE-37 bus system via MATLAB and GridLAB-D, DG units are proven to reduce voltage deviations and power losses and counter increased loading caused by EV charging stations in a way that is more beneficial that simply increasing the capacity generated on the generation side of the grid. Though many have studied the effects of both DG installation and EV charging station installation, no studies have paired these losses with EV charging station installation, DG’s ability to alleviate issues, or the correlation between decreased losses and a reduction in pollution. Pollution calculations based upon the power losses within various cases of a distribution system also prove that DG can reduce losses and other stresses, while also reducing the pollution caused by increasing the capacity of the grid to meet the demand of EV charging. Through optimizing generating capacity and location of various DG units, a helpful model is provided for utilities to more readily accept the increased demand for EV charging facilities by utilizing DG. These findings can help increase the adoption rate of EVs, thus reducing non-renewable fuel consumption, while also ensuring minimal stress to the electric grid and adding more renewable generation to the electric generation portfolio.No embargoAcademic Major: Electrical and Computer Engineerin

Localization of charging stations for electric vehicles using genetic algorithms

[EN] The electric vehicle (EV) is gradually being introduced in cities. The impact of this introduction is less due, among other reasons, to the lack of charging infrastructure necessary to satisfy the demand. In today¿s cities there is no adequate infrastructure and it is necessary to have action plans that allow an easy deployment of a network of EV charging points in current cities. These action plans should try to place the EV charging stations in the most appropriate places for optimizing their use. According to this, this paper presents an agent-oriented approach that analyses the different configurations of possible locations of charging stations for the electric vehicles in a specific city. The proposed multi-agent system takes into account data from a variety of sources such as social networks activity and mobility information in order to estimate the best configurations. The proposed approach employs a genetic algorithm (GA) that tries to optimize the possible configurations of the charging infrastructure. Additionally, a new crossover method for the GA is proposed considering this context.This work was partially supported by MINECO/FEDER RTI2018-095390-B-C31 and MODINVECI project of the Spanish government. Vicent Botti and Jaume Jordan are funded by UPV PAID-06-18 project. Jaume Jordan is funded by grant APOSTD/2018/010 of GVA-FSEJordán, J.; Palanca Cámara, J.; Del Val Noguera, E.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Botti, V. (2021). Localization of charging stations for electric vehicles using genetic algorithms. Neurocomputing. 452:416-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.11.122S41642345

Optimization and Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging System in Coupled Transportation and Distribution Networks

With the development of the EV market, the demand for charging facilities is growing rapidly. The rapid increase in Electric Vehicle and different market factors bring challenges to the prediction of the penetration rate of EV number. The estimates of the uptake rate of EVs for light passenger use vary widely with some scenarios gradual and others aggressive. And there have been many effects on EV penetration rate from incentives, tax breaks, and market price. Given this background, this research is devoted to addressing a stochastic joint planning framework for both EV charging system and distribution network where the EV behaviours in both transportation network and electrical system are considered. And the planning issue is formulated as a multi-objective model with both the capital investment cost and service convenience optimized. The optimal planning of EV charging system in the urban area is the target geographical planning area in this work where the service radius and driving distance is relatively limited. The mathematical modelling of EV driving and charging behaviour in the urban area is developed

Coordinated Siting and Sizing of Electric Taxi Charging Stations Considering Traffic and Power Systems Conditions

[EN] Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained increased attention courtesy their potential to mitigate environmental issues associated with transportation. To integrate EVs in transportation and power networks, it is essential to properly perform the siting and sizing of charging stations. In particular, this task is more challenging for users that have more rigid schedules such as taxi drivers. This paper proposes a coordinated siting and sizing methodology for electric taxi (ET) charging stations considering both transportation and power system constraints. The case of Quito, Ecuador has been analyzed. The results indicate the optimal placement of the ET charging stations and the number of charging spots to be installed.This paper belongs to the project SIS.JCG.19.03 from Universidad de las Americas-Ecuador. The authors would like to thank Irvin Cedenos from BYD E-motors Ecuador for the fruitful discussions.Clairand, J.; González-Rodríguez, M.; Kumar, R.; Vyas, S.; Escrivá-Escrivá, G. (2021). Coordinated Siting and Sizing of Electric Taxi Charging Stations Considering Traffic and Power Systems Conditions. IEEE. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech46648.2021.9495003S1