2,856 research outputs found

    A gradient method for inconsistency reduction of pairwise comparisons matrices

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    We investigate an application of a mathematically robust minimization method -- the gradient method -- to the consistencization problem of a pairwise comparisons (PC) matrix. Our approach sheds new light on the notion of a priority vector and leads naturally to the definition of instant priority vectors. We describe a sample family of inconsistency indicators based on various ways of taking an average value, which extends the inconsistency indicator based on the "sup⁥\sup"- norm. We apply this family of inconsistency indicators both for additive and multiplicative PC matrices to show that the choice of various inconsistency indicators lead to non-equivalent consistencization procedures.Comment: 1 figure, several corrections and precision

    A SOCIO-COGNITIVE BASIS FOR STRATEGIC GROUPS: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IN SWINE GENETICS

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    Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Livestock Production/Industries,

    A green product design framework based on quality function deployment process.

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    Pairwise comparison matrix in multiple criteria decision making

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    The measurement scales, consistency index, inconsistency issues, missing judgment estimation and priority derivation methods have been extensively studied in the pairwise comparison matrix (PCM). Various approaches have been proposed to handle these problems, and made great contributions to the decision making. This paper reviews the literature of the main developments of the PCM. There are plenty of literature related to these issues, thus we mainly focus on the literature published in 37 peer reviewed international journals from 2010 to 2015 (searched via ISI Web of science). We attempt to analyze and classify these literatures so as to find the current hot research topics and research techniques in the PCM, and point out the future directions on the PCM. It is hoped that this paper will provide a comprehensive literature review on PCM, and act as informative summary of the main developments of the PCM for the researchers for their future research. First published online: 02 Sep 201

    Strategic sourcing:a combined QFD and AHP approach in manufacturing

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    Purpose – This paper aims to develop an integrated analytical approach, combining quality function deployment (QFD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach, to enhance the effectiveness of sourcing decisions. Design/methodology/approach – In the approach, QFD is used to translate the company stakeholder requirements into multiple evaluating factors for supplier selection, which are used to benchmark the suppliers. AHP is used to determine the importance of evaluating factors and preference of each supplier with respect to each selection criterion. Findings – The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying it to a UK-based automobile manufacturing company. With QFD, the evaluating factors are related to the strategic intent of the company through the involvement of concerned stakeholders. This ensures successful strategic sourcing. The application of AHP ensures consistent supplier performance measurement using benchmarking approach. Research limitations/implications – The proposed integrated approach can be principally adopted in other decision-making scenarios for effective management of the supply chain. Practical implications – The proposed integrated approach can be used as a group-based decision support system for supplier selection, in which all relevant stakeholders are involved to identify various quantitative and qualitative evaluating criteria, and their importance. Originality/value – Various approaches that can deal with multiple and conflicting criteria have been adopted for the supplier selection. However, they fail to consider the impact of business objectives and the requirements of company stakeholders in the identification of evaluating criteria for strategic supplier selection. The proposed integrated approach outranks the conventional approaches to supplier selection and supplier performance measurement because the sourcing strategy and supplier selection are derived from the corporate/business strategy

    A comparative study on decision-making methodology

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    Decision making (DM), the process of determining and selecting alternative decisions based on information and the preferences of decision makers (DMs), plays a significant role in our daily personal and professional lives. Many DM methods have been developed to assist DMs in their unique type of decision process. In this thesis, DM methods associated with two types of DM processes are studied: Decision-making under uncertainty (DMUU) and Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). DMUU is making a decision when there are many unknowns or uncertainties about the kinds of states of nature (a complete description of the external factors) that could occur in the future to alter the outcome of a decision. DMUU has two subcategories: decision-making under strict uncertainty (DMUSU) and decision-making under risk (DMUR). Five classic DMUSU methods are Laplace’s insufficient reason principle, Wald’s Maximin, Savage’s Minimax regret, Hurwicz’s pessimism-optimism index criterion and Starr’s domain criterion. Furthermore, based on a review of the relation between a two-player game in game theory and DMUSU, Nash equilibrium is considered a method for approaching DMUSU as well. The well-known DMUR DM methods are expected monetary value, expected opportunity loss, most probable states of nature and expected utility. MCDM is a sub-discipline of operations research, where DMs evaluate multiple conflicting criteria in order to find a compromise solution subject to all the criteria. Numerous MCDM methods exist nowadays. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the ELimination et Choix Traduisant la REalitĂ© (ELECTRE), the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are the most employed of all the various MCDM methods. This PhD work focuses on presenting a comparative study of DM methods theoretically and evaluating the performance of different methods on a single decision problem. This contribution can guide DMs in gathering the relative objective and subjective information, structuring the decision problem and selecting the right DM method to make the decision that suits not only their subjective preferences, but also the objective facts. The case study used here is the selection of a sewer network construction plan. It is a representative and complex practical decision problem that requires the quality, life-cycle maintenance and performance of the selected sewer system to meet long-term planning for future climate changes and urban development. La prise de dĂ©cision (DM), un processus de dĂ©termination et de sĂ©lection de dĂ©cisions alternatives en fonction des informations et des prĂ©fĂ©rences des dĂ©cideurs (DM), apparaĂźt largement dans notre vie personnelle et professionnelle quotidienne. Un grand nombre de mĂ©thodes DM ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour aider les DM dans leur type unique de processus de dĂ©cision. Dans cette thĂšse, les mĂ©thodes DM associĂ©es Ă  deux types de processus DM sont Ă©tudiĂ©es : la prise de dĂ©cision sous incertitude (DMUU) et la prise de dĂ©cision multicritĂšre (MCDM). La DMUU doit prendre la dĂ©cision lorsqu'il existe de nombreuses inconnues ou incertitudes sur le type d'Ă©tats de la nature (une description complĂšte des facteurs externes) qui pourraient se produire Ă  l'avenir pour modifier le rĂ©sultat d'une dĂ©cision. La DMUU comprend deux sous-catĂ©gories : la prise de dĂ©cision sous incertitude stricte (DMUSU) et la prise de dĂ©cision sous risque (DMUR). Cinq mĂ©thodes classiques de DM pour DMUSU sont le principe de raison insuffisante de Laplace, le Waldimin Maximin, le regret Savage Minimax, le critĂšre d'index pessimisme-optimisme de Hurwitz et le critĂšre de domaine de Starr. En outre, l'examen de la relation entre un jeu Ă  deux joueurs dans la thĂ©orie des jeux et l'Ă©quilibre DMUSU et Nash Equilibrium est Ă©galement considĂ©rĂ© comme l'une des mĂ©thodes pour rĂ©soudre le DMUSU. Les mĂ©thodes DM bien connues de DMUR sont la valeur monĂ©taire attendue, la perte d'opportunitĂ© attendue, les Ă©tats de nature les plus probables et l'utilitĂ© attendue. Le MCDM est une sous-discipline de la recherche opĂ©rationnelle, oĂč les DM Ă©valuent plusieurs critĂšres conflictuels afin de trouver la solution compromise soumise Ă  tous les critĂšres. Un certain nombre de mĂ©thodes DM pour MCDM sont prĂ©sentes de nos jours. Le processus de hiĂ©rarchie analytique (AHP), l'Ă©limination et le choix traduisant la rĂ©alitĂ© (ELECTRE), les mĂ©thodes d'organisation du classement des prĂ©fĂ©rences pour les Ă©valuations d'enrichissement (PROMETHEE) et la technique de prĂ©fĂ©rence par ordre de similitude et de solution idĂ©ale (TOPSIS) sont les plus choisies et utilisĂ©es des mĂ©thodes parmi toutes les diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes MCDM. Ce travail de thĂšse se concentre sur la prĂ©sentation thĂ©orique d'une Ă©tude comparative des mĂ©thodes DM et l'Ă©valuation des performances de diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes avec un problĂšme de dĂ©cision particulier. Cette contribution peut guider les DM Ă  rassembler les informations relatives objectives et subjectives, Ă  structurer le problĂšme de dĂ©cision et Ă  sĂ©lectionner la bonne mĂ©thode de DM pour prendre la dĂ©cision qui convient non seulement Ă  leurs prĂ©fĂ©rences subjectives, mais aussi aux faits objectifs. L'Ă©tude de cas utilisĂ©e ici est la sĂ©lection du plan de construction du rĂ©seau d'Ă©gouts. Il s'agit d'un problĂšme de dĂ©cision pratique reprĂ©sentatif et complexe qui nĂ©cessite la qualitĂ©, l'entretien du cycle de vie et les performances du rĂ©seau d'Ă©gouts sĂ©lectionnĂ© pour rĂ©pondre Ă  la planification Ă  long terme des futurs changements climatiques et du dĂ©veloppement urbain

    ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT BIW DESIGNS, USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

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    The main objective of the analysis was to investigate the forming of Body in White (BIW) panels using alternative processes most suitable for replacing the conventional press working process in order to achieve a reduction in the total mass of the vehicle body structure. The selection of the alternatives was guided by multi criteria decision making tool, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here the alternatives were selected based on their relative importance to the different manufacturing attributes considered. The selected processes were applied to the manufacturing of different parts of BIW indicated in the BOM along with suggestion of the appropriate material to be used
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