97 research outputs found
Visualisation of Long in Time Dynamic Networks on Large Touch Displays
Any dataset containing information about relationships between entities can be modelled as a network. This network can be static, where the entities/relationships do not change over time, or dynamic, where the entities/relationships change over time. Network data that changes over time, dynamic network data, is a powerful resource when studying many important phenomena, across wide-ranging fields from travel networks to epidemiology.However, it is very difficult to analyse this data, especially if it covers a long period of time (e.g, one month) with respect to its temporal resolution (e.g. seconds). In this thesis, we address the problem of visualising long in time dynamic networks: networks that may not be particularly large in terms of the number of entities or relationships, but are long in terms of the length of time they cover when compared to their temporal resolution.We first introduce Dynamic Network Plaid, a system for the visualisation and analysis of long in time dynamic networks. We design and build for an 84" touch-screen vertically-mounted display as existing work reports positive results for the use of these in a visualisation context, and that they are useful for collaboration. The Plaid integrates multiple views and we prioritise the visualisation of interaction provenance. In this system we also introduce a novel method of time exploration called ‘interactive timeslicing’. This allows the selection and comparison of points that are far apart in time, a feature not offered by existing visualisation systems. The Plaid is validated through an expert user evaluation with three public health researchers.To confirm observations of the expert user evaluation, we then carry out a formal laboratory study with a large touch-screen display to verify our novel method of time navigation against existing animation and small multiples approaches. From this study, we find that interactive timeslicing outperforms animation and small multiples for complex tasks requiring a compari-son between multiple points that are far apart in time. We also find that small multiples is best suited to comparisons of multiple sequential points in time across a time interval.To generalise the results of this experiment, we later run a second formal laboratory study in the same format as the first, but this time using standard-sized displays with indirect mouse input. The second study reaffirms the results of the first, showing that our novel method of time navigation can facilitate the visual comparison of points that are distant in time in a way that existing approaches, small multiples and animation, cannot. The study demonstrates that our previous results generalise across display size and interaction type (touch vs mouse).In this thesis we introduce novel representations and time interaction techniques to improve the visualisation of long in time dynamic networks, and experimentally show that our novel method of time interaction outperforms other popular methods for some task types
Human-Computer Interaction
In this book the reader will find a collection of 31 papers presenting different facets of Human Computer Interaction, the result of research projects and experiments as well as new approaches to design user interfaces. The book is organized according to the following main topics in a sequential order: new interaction paradigms, multimodality, usability studies on several interaction mechanisms, human factors, universal design and development methodologies and tools
The Information Systems Academic Discipline in Australia
This book represents the second phase of a multi-method, multi-study of the ‘Information Systems Academic Discipline in Australia’. Drawing on Whitley’s Theory of Scientific Change, the study analysed the degree of ‘professionalisation’ of the Information Systems Discipline, the overarching research question being ‘To what extent is Information Systems a distinct and mature discipline in Australia?’ The book chapters are structured around three main sections: a) the context of the study; b) the state case studies; and c) Australia-wide evidence and analysis. The book is crafted to be accessible to IS and non-IS types both within and outside of Australia. It represents a ‘check point’; a snapshot at a point in time. As the first in a hoped for series of such snap-shots, it includes a brief history of IS in Australia, bringing us up to the time of this report.
The editorial team comprises Guy Gable, architect and leader; Bob Smyth, project manager; Shirley Gregor, sponsor, host and co-theoretician; Roger Clarke, discipline memory; and Gail Ridley, theoretician. In phase two, the editors undertook to examine each component study, with a view to arriving at an Australia-wide perspective
Cognitive-support code review tools : improved efficiency of change-based code review by guiding and assisting reviewers
Code reviews, i.e., systematic manual checks of program source code by other developers, have been an integral part of the quality assurance canon in software engineering since their formalization by Michael Fagan in the 1970s. Computer-aided tools supporting the review process have been known for decades and are now widely used in software development practice. Despite this long history and widespread use, current tools hardly go beyond simple automation of routine tasks. The core objective of this thesis is to systematically develop options for improved tool support for code reviews and to evaluate them in the interplay of research and practice.
The starting point of the considerations is a comprehensive analysis of the state of research and practice. Interview and survey data collected in this thesis show that review processes in practice are now largely change-based, i.e., based on checking the changes resulting from the iterative-incremental evolution of software. This is true not only for open source projects and large technology companies, as shown in previous research, but across the industry. Despite the common change-based core process, there are various differences in the details of the review processes. The thesis shows possible factors influencing these differences. Important factors seem to be the process variants supported and promoted by the used review tool. In contrast, the used tool has little influence on the fundamental decision to use regular code reviews. Instead, the interviews and survey data suggest that the decision to use code reviews depends more on cultural factors.
Overall, the analysis of the state of research and practice shows that there is a potential for developing better code review tools, and this potential is associated with the opportunity to increase efficiency in software development. The present thesis argues that the most promising approach for better review support is reducing the reviewer's cognitive load when reviewing large code changes. Results of a controlled experiment support this reasoning. The thesis explores various possibilities for cognitive support, two of these in detail: Guiding the reviewer by identifying and presenting a good order of reading the code changes being reviewed, and assisting the reviewer through automatic determination of change parts that are irrelevant for review. In both cases, empirical data is used to both generate and test hypotheses. In order to demonstrate the practical suitability of the techniques, they are also used in a partner company in regular development practice.
For this evaluation of the cognitive support techniques in practice, a review tool which is suitable for use in the partner company and as a platform for review research is needed. As such a tool was not available, the code review tool "CoRT" has been developed. Here, too, a combination of an analysis of the state of research, support of design decisions through scientific studies and evaluation in practical use was employed.
Overall, the results of this thesis can be roughly divided into three blocks: Researchers and practitioners working on improving review tools receive an empirically and theoretically sound catalog of requirements for cognitive-support review tools. It is available explicitly in the form of essential requirements and possible forms of realization, and additionally implicitly in the form of the tool "CoRT". The second block consists of contributions to the fundamentals of review research, ranging from the comprehensive analysis of review processes in practice to the analysis of the impact of cognitive abilities (specifically, working memory capacity) on review performance. As the third block, innovative methodological approaches have been developed within this thesis, e.g., the use of process simulation for the development of heuristics for development teams and new approaches in repository and data mining
Сборник текстов по обучению профессионально-ориентированному чтению на английском языке для студентов специальностей 1-28 01 01 – "Экономика электронного бизнеса" 1-28 01 02 – "Электронный маркетинг"
Rakhuba Valery Ivanovich. Основы электронного бизнеса и маркетинга. Learning Textbook
professionally oriented reading in EnglishСборник текстов по обучению профессионально-ориентированному чтению
на английском языке предназначается для студентов специальностей 1-28 01 01
Экономика электронного бизнеса и 1-28 01 02 Электронный маркетинг.
Тематика текстов дает достаточно полное представление о практической
реализации принципов деятельности в этих сферах экономической активности
Enabling Collaborative Visual Analysis across Heterogeneous Devices
We are surrounded by novel device technologies emerging at an unprecedented pace. These devices are heterogeneous in nature: in large and small sizes with many input and sensing mechanisms. When many such devices are used by multiple users with a shared goal, they form a heterogeneous device ecosystem. A device ecosystem has great potential in data science to act as a natural medium for multiple analysts to make sense of data using visualization. It is essential as today's big data problems require more than a single mind or a single machine to solve them. Towards this vision, I introduce the concept of collaborative, cross-device visual analytics (C2-VA) and outline a reference model to develop user interfaces for C2-VA.
This dissertation covers interaction models, coordination techniques, and software platforms to enable full stack support for C2-VA. Firstly, we connected devices to form an ecosystem using software primitives introduced in the early frameworks from this dissertation. To work in a device ecosystem, we designed multi-user interaction for visual analysis in front of large displays by finding a balance between proxemics and mid-air gestures. Extending these techniques, we considered the roles of different devices–large and small–to present a conceptual framework for utilizing multiple devices for visual analytics. When applying this framework, findings from a user study showcase flexibility in the analytic workflow and potential for generation of complex insights in device ecosystems. Beyond this, we supported coordination between multiple users in a device ecosystem by depicting the presence, attention, and data coverage of each analyst within a group.
Building on these parts of the C2-VA stack, the culmination of this dissertation is a platform called Vistrates. This platform introduces a component model for modular creation of user interfaces that work across multiple devices and users. A component is an analytical primitive–a data processing method, a visualization, or an interaction technique–that is reusable, composable, and extensible. Together, components can support a complex analytical activity. On top of the component model, the support for collaboration and device ecosystems comes for granted in Vistrates. Overall, this enables the exploration of new research ideas within C2-VA
Improving User Involvement Through Live Collaborative Creation
Creating an artifact - such as writing a book, developing software, or performing a piece of music - is often limited to those with domain-specific experience or training.
As a consequence, effectively involving non-expert end users in such creative processes is challenging.
This work explores how computational systems can facilitate collaboration, communication, and participation in the context of involving users in the process of creating artifacts while mitigating the challenges inherent to such processes.
In particular, the interactive systems presented in this work support live collaborative creation, in which artifact users collaboratively participate in the artifact creation process with creators in real time.
In the systems that I have created, I explored liveness, the extent to which the process of creating artifacts and the state of the artifacts are immediately and continuously perceptible, for applications such as programming, writing, music performance, and UI design.
Liveness helps preserve natural expressivity, supports real-time communication, and facilitates participation in the creative process.
Live collaboration is beneficial for users and creators alike: making the process of creation visible encourages users to engage in the process and better understand the final artifact.
Additionally, creators can receive immediate feedback in a continuous, closed loop with users.
Through these interactive systems, non-expert participants help create such artifacts as GUI prototypes, software, and musical performances.
This dissertation explores three topics: (1) the challenges inherent to collaborative creation in live settings, and computational tools that address them; (2) methods for reducing the barriers of entry to live collaboration; and (3) approaches to preserving liveness in the creative process, affording creators more expressivity in making artifacts and affording users access to information traditionally only available in real-time processes.
In this work, I showed that enabling collaborative, expressive, and live interactions in computational systems allow the broader population to take part in various creative practices.PHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145810/1/snaglee_1.pd
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