The Critical Challenges from International High-Tech and Computer-Related Crime at the Millennium

The automotive industry stands in front of a great challenge, to decrease its impact on the environment. One important part in succeeding with this is to decrease the structural weight of the body structure and by that the fuel consumption or the required battery power. Carbon fibre composites are by many seen as the only real option when traditional engineering materials are running out of potential for further weight reduction. However, the automotive industry lacks experience working with structural composites and the methods for high volume composite manufacturing are immature. The development of a composite automotive body structure, therefore, needs methods to support and guide the conceptual work to improve the financial and technical results. In this thesis a framework is presented which will provide guidelines for the conceptual phase of the development of an automotive body structure. The framework follows two main paths, one to strive for the ideal material diversity, which also defines an initial partition of the body structure based on the process and material selection. Secondly, a further analysis of the structures are made to evaluate if a more cost and weight efficient solution can be found by a more differential design and by that define the ideal part size. In the case and parameter studies performed, different carbon fibre composite material systems and processes are compared and evaluated. The results show that high performance material system with continuous fibres becomes both more cost and performance effective compared to industrialised discontinuous fibre composites. But also that cycle times, sometimes, are less important than a competitive feedstock cost for a manufacturing process. When further analysing the manufacturing design of the structures it is seen that further partition(s) can become cost effective if the size and complexity is large enough.      QC 20140527</p

Mobile Money: Implications for Emerging Markets

Developing countries lack effective infrastructure: transportation, telecommunications, financial systems, etc. The positive economic impact of the improved telecommunications infrastructure has been demonstrated. The ability of microfinance has been shown to stimulate and enhance economic activity. Now a hybrid of the technologies has begun to emerge: mobile money. The ubiquity of cell phone service, coupled with the notion of microfinance offers the possibility of service in remote areas of a country where it would be otherwise economically unsustainable to provide banking services. Mobile money has all of the attributes of money including store of value and medium of exchange. This paper addresses the economics and policy issues of mobile money: What are the economics of mobile money? What policy issues does it raise? Is it a threat to the traditional banking system? How should it be regulated? What can we learn from the microfinance literature? Do we have empirical evidence of its impact on growth and development?Competition, economic dynamics, neoclassical economics, pricing policy, regulation.

Critical Information Infrastructure

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(국제통상전공),2019. 8. 신성호.우리나라의 국가 사이버안보는 관리체계가 다양한 정부부처들 간에 분산되어 있음은 물론, 공공, 민간, 군사 부문들 간에도 조정과 연계체계 매우 부실하다. 따라서 고도로 지능화되고 복잡해 지고 있는 각종 사이버 공격에 제대로 대처하는 데 한계를 노출하고 있다. 그리고 사이버안보체계의 안정성 면에서도 문제가 적지 않다. 따라서 국가 사이버안보체계 전반에 대한 점검과 재구조화가 필요한 시점이다. 이러한 배경 하에서, 본 논문의 목적은 거버넌스(governance) 관점에 입각하여 핵심정보인프라 분야에서의 국가 사이버안보체계의 실태와 문제점을 분석하고 또한 미국의 사이버안보체계에 대한 사례분석을 행하며, 이를 토대로 핵심정보인프라 분야에서의 사이버안보체계 강화방안을 제언하고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 논문은 우선 사회과학 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 거버넌스 관점의 등장배경, 의의, 거버넌스 능력 등에 관한 이론적 논의를 행하였다. 다음에는 이러한 이론적 논의를 참조하여 거버넌스의 구성요소, 거버넌스의 성공 요건 등을 중심으로 분석틀을 설정하였다. 이어서 일종의 벤치마킹을 위한 시도로 미국의 사이버안보체계의 실태를 거버넌스 관점에 입각하여 사례분석을 행하였다. 다음 장에서는 앞에서 설정된 분석틀에 입각하여 우리나라 사이버안보 거버넌스 체계의 실태와 문제점을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로는 미국의 사이버안보 거버넌스 체계에 대한 사례 분석과 우리나라의 사이버안보체계의 실태 및 문제점에 대한 분석을 토대로, 보다 안정적이고 지속가능한 사이버안보 거버넌스 체계를 구축하기 위한 구체적인 정책방안들을 제시하였다.Koreas national cybersecurity governance system is characterized by high levels of fragmentation and instability, unable to form coherent national-level response to increasingly sophisticated and devastating cyber attacks, with the public, private and military sector each struggling to provide for its own cybersecurity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contemporary situation and underlying problems of South Koreas national cybersecurity in the area of critical information infrastructure from the governance perspective, then suggest relevant policy measures to bolster cybersecurity of critical information infrastructure. In order to fulfill the objective, this paper first examines the theories pertinent to the concept and emergence of the governance perspective in the disciplines of social science. Then, the components of governance and the requirements for successful governance are explored in order to establish the dimensions of analysis. Subsequently, the paper undertakes a case study of the U.S. cybersecurity governance system to draw relevant policy implications. The following chapter examines the contemporary situation and underlying problems of South Koreas cybersecurity governance, in accordance with the five dimensions of the governance system. This paper concludes with policy suggestions to consolidate a stable and sustainable cybersecurity governance system in Korea.CHAPTER I. Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Purpose and Research Questions 5 CHAPTER II. Theoretical Underpinning and Research Design 2.1 Theoretical Underpinning 8 1) Cybersecurity 8 2) Critical Infrastructure or Critical National Infrastructure 9 3) Critical Information Infrastructure 11 4) Emergence of Governance Perspective 12 5) Conceptualizing Governance 14 6) Governance Capacity and Good Governance 17 7) Conditions for Governance Formation 18 8) Requirements for Successful Governance 19 2.2. Literature Review 22 1) Literatures on Regional and Global Cybersecurity Governance 22 2) Literatures on Cybersecurity Governance in South Korea 24 3) Common Limitations of Precedent Studies 27 2.3 Research Method: Document Research and Case Study 28 2.4 Rationale for U.S. Cybersecurity Governance as Case Study 32 2.5 Dimensions of Analysis 33 CHAPTER III. The Cybersecurity Governance System of the United States 3.1 An Overview of Cybersecurity Legislation and Policies in the U.S. 35 3.2 Legal and Institutional Systems: Roles and Responsibilities 43 3.3 Federal Cybersecurity Budget 45 3.4 Public-Private Partnership: Critical Infrastructure Sector Partnership 47 3.5 Federal Cybersecurity Monitoring and Evaluation Systems 51 CHAPTER IV. An Analysis of South Koreas National Cybersecurity Governance System on Critical Information Infrastructure 4.1 An Overview of South Koreas National Cybersecurity Challenges 53 4.2 An Analysis of the Cybersecurity Governance System of South Korea 57 1) Legal and Institutional Systems 57 2) Administrative System for Critical Information Infrastructure 67 3) Finance and Budget Systems 76 4) Public-Private Partnership 79 5) Monitoring and Evaluation Systems 81 CHAPTER V. Policy Measures to Consolidate the National Cybersecurity Governance System in South Korea 5.1 Policy Suggestions to Consolidate the Cybersecurity Governance System 1) Legal and Institutional Systems 84 2) Administrative System 86 3) Finance and Budget Systems 90 4) Public-Private Partnership 92 5) Monitoring and Evaluation Systems 95 5.2 Engineering Cyber Resilient Governance 101 CHAPTER VI. Conclusion        6.1 Conclusion and Implications 105        6.2. Future Avenues of Research 109 Bibliography 110Maste